Article|International Journal of Current Research and Review

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 2nd Wave of COVID-19: Role of Social Awareness, Health and Technology Sector, June, 2021

Pages: 109-114

Date of Publication: 11-Jun-2021

Print Article Download XML Download PDF

AarogyaSetu: Behavior Analysis and Its Efficacy

Author: Umang Kumar, Vivek Chaudhari, Devvret Verma, Anshika Singh

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Background: To be victorious over COVID-19 and to fight half a million cases daily, an individual's cognitive and behavioural attitude towards the Aarogyasetu application is very vital. Objective: To interpret behavioural aspects and approach of people along with assessing their views and opinions through a survey. Methods: A cross-sectional situational based survey was circulated through different digital platforms among Indian residents aged above 15 years. A descriptive statistical approach was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 220 people have completed the survey. The majority of them expressed that they have always forgotten to use the application, whereas most individuals accepted that they have generally provided incorrect information in the application due to the fear of quarantine procedures. It has been recorded that the Participatory disease surveillance (PDS) based contact tracing application has several limitations, as they do not cater to asymptomatic people in addition to it disabling Bluetooth and GPS services. Conclusion: Geospatial technology used in contact tracing application had been very beneficial for disease surveillance and to curb plus control the spread of COVID-19 disease. The data recorded through the survey was irregular and showed many variations, as a result true potential of the technology was not liberated. The doubts of people should be acknowledged to increase efficacy of the Aarogyasetu application.

Keywords: COVID-19, AarogyaSetu, Behavioral Analysis, PDS System, Corona, SARS-COV-2

DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/IJCRR.2021.SP222

Full Text:

Introduction

The beginning of 2020 was marked by the catastrophic spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic. The epicentre of SARS-COV-2 was later identified to be in a wet market of Wuhan, China. The first cluster of cases of pneumonia were recorded on 31^st of December, 2019 in Wuhan, which was later recognised as “The Novel Corona Virus.¹After that the Cases started multiplying at a rapid pace with total death of 4,634 in China only because of contact tracing was difficult. The first case in India was recorded on the 30^th of January 2020 in the province of Kerala. The theCOVID-19 virus spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person coughs or sneezes.²

The transmission of outbreaks like COVID-19 is very difficult to monitor. To control the spread of such disease, it is important to detect early symptoms with immediate responses. Disease surveillance forms a basic component for understanding disease, the study of disease transmission and gives a sound premise to start control measures. Surveillance is the persistent, precise assortment, resemblance, investigation, and translation of wellbeing related information required for the arranging, usage, and assessment of general wellbeing rehearses.³Participatory disease surveillance (PDS)is a tool that is developed for disease surveillance. It uses Participatory appraisal approaches and methods, combines them with local veterinary knowledge with convection methods to establish the presence and absence of any particular disease. The model of the PDS system has been established for Influenzas like illness(ILI) and foodborne diseases. Many European countries have made PDS models to collect data about diseases. Thailand also launched the Doctor my mobile application to collect data for ILI in 2014. Sri Lanka has also launched a mobile application in 2016, to control the spread of dengue by continuing monitoring dengue mosquito breeding sites.⁴

India launched its first PDS Model for COVID-19i.e.Aaogyasetu which is an initiative by the Indian government. It is a surveillance application forCOVID-19 that performs two basic functions for data collection and analysis: “Syndromic Surveillance” and “Contact Tracing”. It was designed in such a way that one can know the status of people at risk with the help of the phone’s Bluetooth and GPS capabilities. The Aarogyasetu application is designed to detect other devices with the application when brought within the Bluetooth proximity. When brought close both the phones change digital signatures between them including time proximity duration and location. Data is then securely recorded by both the application. If a person comes in contact with a COVID positive person from the past 14 days, the Application calculates the danger of contamination depends on the number of connections, the vicinity of collaboration and suggests reasonable activity. The refreshed danger of disease is breaking down by the Government of India, to encourage appropriate clinical mediations, as and when required.⁵

Aarogyasetu was made mandatory in containment areas as of 1^stof May 2020 and voluntary in others. With cases rising at such an alarming rate and shortages of healthcare workers, hospital beds and likely community transmission; it’s very tough to curb in the upcoming scenario. Participatory disease surveillance app Aarogya Setuuses real-time data and analytics to detect COVID positive patients nearby but the efficacy of Aarogya Setuand user acceptance towards this app is still questionable. It is because the reporting is optional to the government, a non-transparent process of contact tracing and voluntary participation in the application prevents using it for movement permits. Technology-based contact tracing application can encourage and mechanize the cycle, empowering contact tracers to educate clients who had contact with a COVID-19 casualty. This can be empowered by utilizing a global positioning system (GPS), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth Technology, Social diagram, network-based API, mobile tracking data, and card transaction.⁶

The current research was aimed at interpretation and evaluation of behavioural aspects like inconsistency among people and their approach towards this application through contemplating their views and opinions by a survey. Situation based questions were included to analyse and evaluate the viewpoint of individuals in a different scenario. Description statistical methodology was used to undertake this research.

Material and Methods

Study Design

A questionnaire survey was made, and primary research was conducted with a sample size of 220 people belonging to more than 15 years of age groups from various locations over India. The Face and content validity of the survey was performed by taking the opinions of the experts.

Survey Tool

The tool used for conducting the survey was survey monkey. It is an online platform that Gathers opinions and transforms them into People Powered Data. With the help of Microsoft office, excel tool data analysis and documentation were performed.

Data Collection

The questionnaire was circulated through different digital platforms like social media and direct messages. Active participation was done by an individual with reliable data. Data collection was also done by the fellow website survey monkey and the data was exported to excel with correct information and data charts. The database is original and no counterfeit responses were recorded.

Data Type

The data was primary and the survey was filled without any bias by known and unknown individuals. Mostly the age group >15, which is most technically advance and diverse, participated in data collection. The questionnaire was made with the most obvious and behavioural type questions that talks about the rational and cerebral nature of the individual and the most basic reason behind not using this application in this emerging situation. A descriptive statistical approach was used for analysis.

Results

A total of 220 individuals completed the survey which shows that the highest respondents were aged between 14-34, the most technologically advanced and active age group. The first question was targeted to know the usage of the application where 178 people claimed to utilize the application whereas 41 people were still not using it with the ratio of 81:19 (Figure 1).

Another question was focused on recognizing the actual utilization of the application as it emphasises how many people use the application at the time of requisite. Only 29 individuals check the application regularly i.e. 90% above before going outdoor. 34 individuals usually i.e. 60% above go through the app,99 people usually or rarely i.e. 20-50% above check the application and 57 individuals never use the application as suggested (Figure 2).

The next question was on knowing the basic requirement of Aarogyasetu application to locate COVID-19 patients. The survey was performed on the people whether they should always keep the GPS and Bluetooth proximity technology ON and only 105 people i.e.45% people keep it ON rest 114 i.e. 52% people keeps it off (Figure 3).

This question specifies the feasible reason of individuals for not using the application. 42% do not use the application because they often forget it, 32% people do not use the application because they have to keep Bluetooth and GPS always on as it is battery consuming, 22% people think that it lacks accuracy and the application is not useful whereas 16% people say that they have data security issues as every detail of their location goes to the government last but not least 8% people have their views about not using Aarogyasetu (Figure 4).

This question emphasizes the reason that why people might input false or inaccurate self-declaration on the application. 61% of the people were afraid that they will be sent to quarantine centres and will be separated from their families, 40% people are afraid of social acceptance, 15% people didn’t fill the form accurately, 23% people thought that it might cause panic in the locality and 3% people have their reasons (Figure 5).

The motive of this question was to know the cognitive behaviour of individuals by putting themselves into the imaginary scenario of taking the self-reassessment test and the results suggest that 73% of people agreed to self-assessment and 27% of people will not take self-reassessment as it is not necessary for the application (Figure 6).

In this question the cognitive behavioural assessment of individuals was performed by putting them into imaginary scenarios and asked them the reason why they were not willing to update their symptoms on the Aarogyasetu application by self-reassessment. The results were astonishing as 36% of people thought that they did not find it useful, 13% thought that the process is time-consuming,14% thought that it would be troublesome, 40% thought that they might be asymptomatic i.e., they won’t have any symptoms of COVID-19, and 11% people specified other reasons(figure 7).

The motive of this question was to directly ask about their thoughts on the reliability of the application and 48% people replied yes, 32% people replied withNo whereas 21% people were confused (figure 8).

This question aims at the efficacy of Aarogyasetu application if the patient is asymptomatic i.e., they do not show any symptom of the disease but still might have it.⁷Total 29% agreed, 46% disagreed whereas 24% of people were not sure about this question (Figure 9).

Discussion

A right perception towards myths and facts about COVID-19 can encourage good practices among the public. The survey was conducted to measure the perception of individuals towards the Aarogyasetu application and thereupon its efficacy. The Aarogyasetu application must reach its maximum potential mark but as seen within the results there are various factors by which the standard of knowledge is often hampered and therefore the tracking might get difficult. Privacy-preserving technology and public education are both necessary conditions for effectiveness but not sufficient. Many of the populations that are most susceptible to COVID-19, like those that are elderly, low-income, homeless, and even have lower telephone ownership, therefore, won't use the Aarogya Setu.⁸In the survey, a total of 220 individuals participated from a different region of India with minimum age group range from 14 and maximum to 89. It was observed that 81% of users were aware of the application and were using that application, whereas 19% of people have never used this application. With the survey going further next important question was that how many people used this application before going outside i.e. refer to this application for COVID patients nearby. 26% of people did not bother to check the application before going outdoor whereas 27% of people rarely go through the application and only 13% checks the application on regular basis. A basic requirement for using the application is keeping Bluetooth and GPS proximity “ON” always in which only 48% kept it on rest 52% do not and 32% of people don’t use this application because of this reason alone, other probable causes which people think are it lacks accuracy (22%), do not offer data security(16%), the application is futile(17%) and some people also specified that application does not cater to the needs of COVID-19 patient after giving every detail about the patient in the application. But majority of people i.e. 42%, often forget using the application because there is no notification reminders or SMS’s from the application.

Other than the usage of application the behavioural aspects of people also differs a lot and that is one of the causes why the efficacy of the Aarogyasetu application not met as pre forecasted by the application developers and it is the first healthcare PDS model launched in India to cater the pandemic.⁹It came to our notice that some people also input false or inaccurate mandatory self-declaration after downloading the application software from the web. With the result astonishing 61% of the people still fear quarantine centres, 40% people fear social acceptance, 23% thought that it might cause panic in nearby areas and 15% people did not fill the form attentively. With this varied response individuals’ diverse cognitive needs came into light such as fear, trepidation of quarantine centres, agitation of social acceptance and rejections, panics by the adjoining areas and carelessness of individuals towards this considerable disease.

Another behavioural aspect that was tested included honest evaluation with a situational based question that if a person might have COVID like symptoms will they report in the application by taking the self-reassessment test again and the ‘yes’ 73% people may report themselves but 27% might not. The reason for not reporting to the application can be 40% the perspective of the people as they think that they can be asymptomatic, 36% thinks that the app is not useful and the rest thinks that it is time-consuming and troublesome. This also leads up to another significant question, do people rely on this application of which 48% of people said yes, 32% said direct no and 21% of people were still in doubt. This derives that people think useless to the application because it also cannot oblige asymptomatic people as 46% agreed to this, 24% were not sure.

After the pandemic outbreak, many countries took protective measures of digital surveillance application to regulate the outbreak. In Taiwan, the government took strict action for people that breaks their home quarantine by sending GPS based messages levies fines. The Hong Kong government also introduced wristbands that are linked through cloud technology to a database that alert authorities if quarantine is breached.¹⁰ Iceland also launched a mobile solution to watch COVID-19. European government authorities ensured that individuals data should be retained for 14 days only, and European countries also deployed an opt-in smartphone tracking application with anonymised data, no central database, and no GPS information.¹¹Like India all the countries are having concerns regarding digital surveillance platform and each day comes with a replacement problem because the concept of this technology is contemporary to everyone.¹²

Seattle-based Swedish Health Services accompanied Microsoft in creating a digital surveillance application to track and report real-time data like patient volumes, personal protective equipment, and other critical information. This application was the replica of the COVID-19 Emergency Response Application whose function was to take the information of Swedish Health staff reports and inputs it into dashboards for hospital staffs. The health system used the dashboards to trace the status of its five hospitals, two freestanding emergency departments and important areas in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.¹³The Chinese government also made a virus tracking system that needed personal information of people like recent travels and health. The software uses the data to assign a code green, yellow or red which tells the person is COVID positive or negative. Security guards outside shops, malls and offices were not allowing anyone inside without a valid green code. The country’s leaders have long sought to harness vast troves of digital information to regulate their sprawling, sometimes unruly nation more efficiently. With computer system having full authority over individuals lives minor software bugs and inaccurate data can have. It is also not completely sure that the citizens of any country are comfortable with the government with knowing every detail about their personal lives such as location even with favourable intentions.¹⁴

Conclusion

After this big initiative i.e. participatory disease surveillance model Aarogyasetu was launched by the government, many individuals approved it whereas many relucted. Diversity in people’s perception of this application was noticed. This study also focused on the behavioural and cognitive needs of many people; some were met but some were not. Life of many people is in danger because of carelessness, fear, trepidation, acceptance and many psychological factors affecting one’s brain. Human errors and negative cognizance towards this application affects society in a very lethal way. Many variations and irregularity were noticed. Data recorded were in fragments and was not in pattern as expected showing discrete understanding and interpretation of this application. Understanding public perception of these contact tracing application is important because broad uptake within the public is key to the app’s public health success. A study suggests that the PDA type application can stop the epidemic with 60% uptake in the population. Providing the right information and awareness about this application might improve people’s conception and beliefs about the myths of security over Bluetooth and battery drainage. Myths and questions of the public should be acknowledged for the wholesome success of the application.

Acknowledgement: The authors express a deep sense of gratitude to the Symbiosis Institute of Health Science, Pune and Graphic Era University for all the support, assistance, and constant encouragements to carry out this work.

Source of Funding: No source of funding

Conflict of Interest: All authors have none to declare

Authors’ Contribution: Umang Kumar and Devvret Verma initiated the idea of the study and was involved in the writing, Vivek Chaudhary and Anshika Singh were involved in manuscript refinement.

References:

Chan JF, Yuan S, Kok KH, To KK, Chu H, Yang J, Xing F, Liu J, Yip CC, Poon RW, Tsoi HW. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):514-23.
Xu R, Cui B, Duan X, Zhang P, Zhou X, Yuan Q. Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):1-6.
Qazi S, Ahmad S, Raza K. Using Computational Intelligence for Tracking COVID-19 Outbreak in Online Social Networks. In Computational Intelligence Methods in COVID-19: Surveillance, Prevention, Prediction and Diagnosis. Int J Oral Sci. 2021; 10(3):47-59.
Garg S, Bhatnagar N, Gangadharan N. A Case for Participatory Disease Surveillance of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India. J Med Int Res Public. 2020 6(2):e18795.
Mankar MV, Mankar MV, Narayane MM, Chakole S, Mankar MV. The Rise And Impact of COVID-19 In India: Aarogyasetu App. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2021;8(1):294-300.
Zeng W, Gautam A, Huson DH. On the Application of Advanced Machine Learning Methods to Analyze Enhanced, Multimodal Data from Persons Infected with COVID-19. J Comput. 2021;9(1):4.
Shankar EM, Che KF, Yong YK, Girija AS, Velu V, Ansari AW, Larsson M. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: is it all about being refractile to innate immune sensing of viral spare-parts : Clues from exotic animal reservoirs. Pathog Dis. 2021; 79(1):ftaa076
Landau S, Lopez CE, Moy L. The Importance of Equity in Contact Tracing. https://www.lawfareblog.com/importance-equity-contact-tracing (Accessed 06 August 2020)
Garg S, Bhatnagar N, Gangadharan N. A Case for Participatory Disease Surveillance of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India. J Med Int Res. 2020;6(2):e18795
The Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2020/04/17/governments-aroundworld-are-trying-new-weapon-against-coronavirus-yoursmartphone/ (Accessed 15 Sep 2020).
Just Security. www.justsecurity.org/69549/can-governmentstrack-the-pandemic-and-still-protect-privacy/ (Accessed 06 August 2020)
Whitelaw S, Mamas MA, Topol E, Van Spall HG. Applications of digital technology in COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Dig Heal. 2020;2(8):e435-e440.
Becker's Health Information Technology. Swedish health services tap Microsoft to build app that tracks COVID-19 patients and hospital capacity. https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/healthcare-information-technology/swedish-health-services-taps-microsoft-to-build-app-that-tracks-covid-19-patients-hospital-capacity.html. (Accessed 12 Apr 2020).
Zhong R. China’s virus apps may outlast the outbreak, stirring privacy fears. The New York Times. 2020 May 26.
Big Data Institute, University of Oxford. Digital contact tracing can slow or even stop coronavirus transmission and ease us out of lockdown. https://www.research.ox.ac.uk/Article/2020-04-16-digital-contact-tracing-can-slow-or-even-stop-coronavirus-transmission-and-ease-us-out-of-lockdown. (Acessed 06 Aug 2020).

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021

Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award:

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23

A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22

A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21

A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20

A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19

A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.

A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17

A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.

A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15

A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14

A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13

A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12

A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11

A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10

A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09

A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08

A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07

A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06

A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05

A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04

A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03

A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02

A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01

A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24

A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23

A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22

A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21

A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20

A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19

A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18

A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17

A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16

A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15

A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14

A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13

A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12

A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11

A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10

A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09

A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08

A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07

A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness

A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health

A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06

A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia

A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05

A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04

A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03

A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02

A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01

A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24

A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23

A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22

A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21

A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20

A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19

A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18

A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17

A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16

A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15

A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020

A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"

A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13

A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 12

A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 11

A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 10

A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 09

A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 08

A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for Vol 12 issue 07

A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20

A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR

A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13

A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR

A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR.

A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award

A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award

RSS feed

IJCRR

AarogyaSetu: Behavior Analysis and Its Efficacy

RSS feed

ABOUT US

Useful links

Useful links

Contact