International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 6(23), December, 2014

Pages: 19-22

Date of Publication: 10-Dec-2014


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A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN A SOUTH INDIAN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Author: A. Heraman Singh, S. Aruna

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Context: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence is increasing worldwide and it remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients due to its versatile behaviour towards antibiotics.
Aims: This study was done to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates at our hospital setup, in order to guide policy on the appropriate use of antibiotics. Settings and Design: The study was a prospective observational study, carried out in the Department of Microbiology, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh. Methods and Material: A total number of 288 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from various clinical samples received in the laboratory. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by routine standard operative procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the results were interpreted following Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Methicillin resistance was screened by using oxacillin disks [1 mcg]. Statistical analysis used: Data obtained was analysed and presented in counts and percentages. 95 % confidence interval values were also calculated. Results: Methicillin resistance was documented in 120 [41.6%] Staphylococcus aureus isolates. Most of them were isolated from pus, wound swabs, urine and respiratory samples. All MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin and cefepime. The resistance was high to tetracycline, erythromycin, co-trimoxazole piperacillin / tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin; moderate to aminoglycosides, clindamycin, chloramphenicol and levofloxacin. All MRSA strains were susceptible to vancomycin. Overall, 63.3% [76/120] of MRSA strains were found to be resistant to more than 6 antimicrobials tested. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the need for regular surveillance and formulation of a strict drug policy on the appropriate use of antibiotics to control MRSA infections. This would also minimise the irrational use of vancomycin and the emergence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [VRSA].

Keywords: MRSA, Vancomycin, Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
The isolation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] was reported within one year of introduction of methicillin. Since then, the prevalence of MRSA has increased steadily. In the past 10 years, numerous outbreaks of infections caused by MRSA have been reported 1 . In many hospitals, 40 – 50 % of Staphylococcus aureus isolates are now resistant to methicillin1, 2. MRSA isolates are important for their resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. They exhibit remarkable versatility in their behaviour towards antibiotics which poses a serious therapeutic problem. Thus, MRSA remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalised patients despite the availability of numerous effective anti-staphylococcal antibiotics. This emphasizes the need to study the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates area-wise in order to guide policy on the appropriate use of antibiotics which would minimise the irrational use of vancomycin and so the emergence of resistance to vancomycin. The present study was carried out to find out the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates at our hospital set up. The information would also be useful in contributing data to larger more extensive surveillance programs.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS
The present study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, GSL Medical College and General hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh. A total number of 288 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from various clinical samples received in the laboratory during the period June 2011 to December 2012. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institute. Standard procedures were followed to isolate the organisms from the clinical samples. Staphylococcus aureus was identified by Gram stain morphology, colony characters on blood agar, biochemical reactions like catalase test, mannitol fermentation, slide coagulase test and tube coagulase test3 . All the Staphylococcus aureus strains were then subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the results were interpreted following CLSI guidelines4 . Methicillin resistance was screened by using oxacillin disks [1 mcg]. Anti-staphylococcal antibiotics like penicillin G [10 units], cefepime [30mcg], ciprofloxacin [5 mcg], levofloxacin [5 mcg], erythromycin [15 mcg], tetracycline [30 mcg], chloramphenicol [30 mcg], co-trimoxazole [1.25/23.75 mcg], piperacillin/tazobactam [100/10 mcg], clindamycin [2 mcg], gentamicin [10 mcg], amikacin [30 mcg], tobramycin [10 mcg] and vancomycin [30 mcg] were tested (Himedia, Mumbai, India ). The data obtained in this study was summarized by counts and percentages. Antimicrobial Susceptibility rates were also presented in 95% confidence interval values.

RESULTS
A total number of 288 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from different clinical samples obtained from inpatients of the hospital. Methicillin resistance was documented in 120 [41.6%] Staphylococcus aureus isolates (Figure 1). Majority of the MRSA strains were isolated from pus and wound samples [58.3%], followed by urine [22.5%], respiratory specimens [16.6%], blood [1.6%] and body fluids [0.8%] (Table 1). All MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin and cefepime. Resistance was high to tetracycline, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin; moderate to aminoglycosides, levofloxacin, clindamycin and chloramphenicol. All MRSA strains isolated in the present study were susceptible to vancomycin (Table 2).

DISCUSSION
MRSA prevalence is increasing worldwide and has become a serious public health issue. The MRSA prevalence rate shows significant regional variance5, 6, 7. In the present study, the prevalence rate of MRSA was found to be 41.66 %. This was higher when compared to various studies reported from India, ranging from 29.1% to 34.78% 8, 9, 10 and abroad, ranging from 9 % to 26.9%5, 11, 12, 13, 14. However, it was comparable to the prevalence rates reported from Varanasi (38.44%), Chennai (45%), Amritsar (46%) and Visakhapatnam (45%) 6, 15, 16, 17. In contrast, studies from Indore (80.89%) and Pakistan (83%) reported much higher prevalence rates of MRSA7, 18. This variation in prevalence rates in different places could be due to differential clonal expansion and drug pressure in the community 6 . MRSA are often multidrug resistant and studies have indicated that there has been progressive increase in the development of resistance to several antibiotics6, 8, 9. In our study, 63.3% [76/120] of MRSA isolates were found to be resistant to more than 6 antimicrobials tested. A study from Varanasi reported that prevalence of multidrug resistant MRSA is high in India and without MRSA surveillance and strict drug policy, the threat would increase 6 . The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of MRSA isolates varies with place and time5 . Ciprofloxacin has been considered as a potent antibiotic in the therapy of MRSA infections and therefore it is widely used on empirical basis. This resulted in a steady increase of resistance to ciprofloxacin among MRSA isolates 11. Many studies have reported high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin among MRSA isolates ranging from 75.7 % to 88.2 % 6, 8, 13, 16. In the present study it was found to be 70 %. However, this was higher when compared to other studies reported from Eritrea ( 8 % ), Mangalore ( 31.8 % ) and Kano ( 43.7 % ) 5, 9,12 . High resistance was observed in this study among MRSA isolates to antibiotics like co-trimoxazole (86.6%), tetracycline (88.3%), and erythromycin (91.6%). This was indicated in different studies reported from India and abroad 6, 9, 12, 13, 16. In contrast, low resistance was found in Eritrea to erythromycin (27%) and co-trimoxazole (23%) 5. The emergence of high resistance could be due to excessive use and over the counter availability of these antibiotics in the developing world for the treatment of staphylococcal and many other infections both in man and animals6, 11. All MRSA isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin (100%) and cefepime (100%). Interestingly, the resistance to piperacillin and tazobactam combination (75%) was high even though it was not a commonly used antibiotic at our hospital setup. Vancomycin was found to be the most effective antibiotic against MRSA isolates in our study, with a susceptibility rate of 100%. This was in line with the observations made in various studies from India and abroad 9, 12,13,16,17. However, it is quite expensive, toxic and not easily available for regular use and therefore may be reserved for treating life threatening MRSA infections6, 7, 9. In our study MRSA isolates showed moderate resistance rates to gentamicin [51.6%], amikacin [48.3%] tobramycin [41.6%], chloramphenicol [53.3%], clindamycin [53.3%] and levofloxacin [55%] compared to other antibiotics tested. These antibiotics may be tried as an alternative to vancomycin after antimicrobial susceptibility testing is done. This would prevent the emergence of vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [VRSA] 6, 7, 9 .

CONCLUSION
MRSA is a common pathogen at our hospital setup and vancomycin is still the drug of choice. The presence of high percentage of multidrug resistant MRSA is a serious matter of concern. Therefore, regular surveillance and formulation of a strict drug policy on the appropriate use of antibiotics are very much essential in the control of MRSA infections and to avoid the emergence of VRSA. Regular monitoring on quality, availability and the use of antibiotics also helps in preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed. Source of funding: None Conflict of interest: None Declared

References:

1. Fauci, Brawnwald, Kasper, Hauser, Longo, Jameson et al. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine; 17th edition. 2008; vol 1; 879.

2. Shiv Sekhar Chatterjee, Pallab Ray, Arun Aggarwal, Anindita das and Meera Sharma. Acommunity-based study on nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. Indian J Med Res 130, December 2009, pp 742-748.

3. Collee JG, Fraser AG, Barry P Marmion, Simmons A. Mackie and McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology; 14th edition. Churchill Livingstone, London. 1996; 245- 258.

4. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute, 2012. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne. 22nd Informational Supplement, 32 (3).

5. Durgadas Naik, Alem Teclu. A study on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in Eritrea. Pan African Medical Journal, 2009 3:1.

6. Hare Krishna Tiwari, Darshan Sapkota, Malaya Ranjan Sen. High prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India. Infection and Drug Resistance 2008: 1; 57-61.

7. Sheetal Verma, Swati Joshi, V Chitnis, Nanda Hemwani, D Chitnis. Growing problem of methicillin resistant staphylococci – Indian scenario. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences year: 2000 / Volume: 54 / Issue: 12 / page: 535-540.

8. Lahari Saikia, Reema Nath, Basabdatta choudhury, Mili sarkar. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Assam. Indian Journal of critical care Medicine, 2009/ volume:13/ issue: 3/ page: 156-158.

9. Vidya Pai, Venkatakrishna I Rao, Sunil P Rao. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] isolates at a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, South India. Journal of Laboratory Physicians / Jul-Dec 2010 / Vol-2 / Issue-2.

10. AA Mehta, CC Rodrigues, RR Kumar, AA Rattan, HH Sridhar, VV Mattoo, VV Ginde. A pilot programme of MRSA surveillance in India. (MRSA Surveillance Study Group). Journal of Postgraduate medicine, year: 1996 / Volume: 42 / Issue: 1 / Page: 1-3.

11. Baral R, B Khanal, A Acharya. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Health Renaissance 2011; Vol 9 (No. 2): 78-82.

12. Nwankwo Emmanuel Onwubiko, Nasiru Magaji Sadiq. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical isolates in a tertiary health institution in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Pan African Medical Journal. 2011; 8:4.

13. Patrick Eberechi Akpaka, Shivnarine Kissoon, William Henry Swanston and Michele Monteil. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Trinidad and Tobago. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2006, 5: 16.

14. Adebayo O Shittu, Johnson Lin. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and characterization of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. BMC Infect Dis 2006; 6:125.

15. M. Shanthi, Uma Sekar. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus at SriRamachandra medical centre. Sri Ramachandra Journal of Medicine, June 2009, Vol. II, Issue 2.

16. Dr. Bandaru Narasinga Rao, MD, Ph.D., Dr. T. Prabhakar, M.Sc., Ph.D. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA] in and around Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences [JPBMS].

17. Shilpa Arora, Pushpa Devi, Usha Arora, Bimla Devi. Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary care Hospital in Northern India. Journal of Laboratory Physicians / Jul-Dec 2010 / Vol-2 / Issue-2.

18. Mehta AP, Rodrigues, C, Sheth K, Jani, S, Hakimiyan A, Fazalbhoy N. Control of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care centre – A five year study. J Med Microbial 1998; 16: 31-4.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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