International Journal of Current Research and Review
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IJCRR - 7(9), May, 2015

Pages: 66-70

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NANOTECHNOLOGY - ADVANCING THE FIELD OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Author: Prajakta Kishore Kalangutkar

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Biomedical Engineering is one of the most important fields in engineering as it deals with interfacing the human body with electronic devices. Thus the performances of these Biomedical devices need to meet the requirements. However the traditional devices lack in certain aspects due to the accessibility of complex structures. With the recent advances in Nanotechnology, a wide range of Biomedical devices are gaining a boom in development by overcoming the drawbacks of the traditional devices. The application of Nanotechnology in Biomedical engineering has given rise to a drug delivery system that directly targets the affected cell, a nano capsule with camera that can be swallowed by patient for diagnosing ailments and many more such applications that make the diagnosing and treatment much simpler and the complex structures accessible. This paper reviews the advancement of Biomedical applications due to the integration of Nanotechnology field

Keywords: Nanoparticles, Nanomanufacturing, Microbots, Biomarkers

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Nanotechnology is one of the most important emerging fields in medical sciences. In a broader sense, it is a field where the diverse fields of physics, chemistry, biology, materials science, and engineering converge at a scale ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers, essentially known as the nanoscale [3]. Nanotechnology is a science of understanding and controlling of atoms and molecules at nanoscale using a procedure called nanomanufacturing. The art of nanomanufacturing has brought about a revolution in the field of biomedical engineering where, the nano -materials and –devices are designed to interact with the body at sub-cellular level [1]. A wide range of biomedical applications have been benefited from nanotechnology, such as biosensors, drug and gene delivery, artificial cells, nanorobots for surgery, and many more. Most significant property of nanoparticles is the carbon strength, which is so tough that recently with a carbon nanotube a bullet proof T-shirt/vests was manufactured [2].

NANOTECHNOLOGY

Although nanotechnology seems to have gained a widespread interest in the recent years, the concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology are dated back to 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman delivered a talk entitled ?There‘s Plenty of Room at the Bottom at an American Physical Society meeting at the California Institute of Technology (CalTech). However, the term ‘nanotechnology‘ was coined over a decade later, by Professor Norio Taniguchi, in his explorations of ultraprecision machining [3]. In his talk, Richard Feynman also mentioned about a suggestion made by his friend, Albert R. Hibbs regarding micromachines. Hibbs quoted that, “… it would be interesting in surgery if you could swallow the surgeon. You put the mechanical surgeon inside the blood vessel and it goes into the heart and “looks’’ around … It finds out which valve is the faulty one and takes a little knife and slices it out. Other small machines might be permanently incorporated in the body to assist some inadequately- functioning organ.” - Richard Feynman [4]. The possibility that was considered by Richard and Hibbs, almost 55 years ago is becoming a reality now. In 1981 as the scanning tunneling microscope developed, the evolution of nanotechnology began to turn out today as a revolution in the fields of engineering and technology, imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter nanoscale [3].

NANOMATERIALS

Today researchers worldwide are manufacturing nanomaterials to make new products and applications, ranging from medical devices and drugs, to strong and lightweight materials that reduce fuel costs for cars and planes. Based on the shapes and dimensions, different types of nanomaterials are named, such as particles, tubes, wires, films, flakes, or shells that have one or more nanometer-sized dimension. Producing nanomaterials for use in biomedicine is a challenging task. However the recent advances in Nanotechnology-based drug carriers and materials have yielded more medical benefits especially the field of cancer therapy by improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs, circulate in blood stream for longer time without being recognized by macrophages, as well as controlled release of drugs at an expected rate in the desired area. Nanocarrier systems can be designed to interact with target cells and tissues or respond to stimuli in well-controlled ways to induce desired physiological responses [3]. Figure 1 shows the different types of nanomaterials used in nanotechnology [5]

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

The Biomedical applications of Nanotechnology are basically a convergence between the two rapidly growing fields of Nanotechnology and Biotechnology. Nanotechnology deals with manufacturing, investigation and utilization of systems at nanoscale and Biotechnology deals with metabolic process with microorganisms. These interdisciplinary disciplines are also used to make atomic-scale machines by imitating or incorporating biological systems at the molecular level, or building tiny tools to study or change natural structure properties atom by atom. Thus these fields have helped in innovation and creation of many powerful tools that are now used in Biomedical applications. The application of Nanotechnology in Biomedical mainly involves the production of the nano -materials and –devices are designed to interact with the body at sub-cellular level [1].

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE:

The medical application of nanotechnology is widely termed as nanomedicine. It ranges from medical applications of nanomaterials to nanoelectronics biosensors. The research and development of nanomedicine is broadly divided into three factors. The first impact of nanoscience on medicine is evolutionary. A second development is explicit and revolutionary, emphasizing great advances to be gained by radical new nanotechnology approaches. A third source of nanotechnology on medicine is indirect through the development and application of ever-improving nanotools and devices based on smaller and more precise technologies. These technologies impact research, diagnostics and therapeutics [3]. Most of the nanotechnology applications in medicine are widespread. It starts with the identification and validation and is extended up to the treatment. Figure 2 shows the various applications of Nanotechnology in Biomedical applications:

REVIEWING NANOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Many medical nanotechnology applications are still in their infancy. However, an increasing number of products is currently under clinical investigation and some products are already commercially available, such as surgical blades and suture needles, contrast-enhancing agents for magnetic resonance imaging, bone replacement materials, wound dressings, anti- microbial textiles, chips for in vitro molecular diagnostics, microcantilevers, and microneedles [6], as depicted in Figure 3 [9].

PillCam:

With the introduction of PillCam by “ GIVEN IMAGING” in 2001, the first step towards application of nanotechnology in medicine was taken [10]. The PillCam is a capsule, ideally the size of a normal pill, contains a light and camera which is to be swallowed by the patient. Images beamed wirelessly from the capsule can be analyzed and used for diagnostic purposes, thus replacing procedures like the traditional endoscopy, in which a flexible tube containing a flashlight and camera is inserted into the digestive tract. The PillCam, is ideal for use in the passageways of the gastrointestinal system since it can be swallowed.

Drug Delivery:

Since 1960, researchers have been developing drug delivery systems that can directly target the affected regions. Due to the small size of nanoparticles, they are proving out to be suitable for such drug delivery systems. Based on the type of particle, the active substance of nanoparticle can be encapsulated or attached to the surface. This means that even if they dissolve poorly in water, they can be transported in an aqueous solution, such as blood, and are better protected against degradation by enzymes, for example. A suitable coating on the nanoparticle can prevent identification and removal by the immune system [12]. The nanoparticles Dendrimers are commonly used for drug delivery system due to their well defined size, shape, molecular weight and monodispersity [13]. Although they are complicated to synthesize, the advantage of dendrimers is that their synthesis results in a single molecular weight rather than distribution of sizes [14].

Figure 5: Dendrimers

(Image courtesy: http://www.lv-em.com/)

Biomarkers

Nanoparticles can be used for both quantitative and qualitative in vitro detection of tumour cells. They enhance the detection process by concentrating and protecting a marker from degradation, in order to render the analysis more sensitive. The research results have shown that the fluorescent nanospheres provided a sensitivity of 25 times more than that of the conjugate streptavidin-fluorescein [1]. Many kinds of nanomaterials will be used to help researchers develop prototype nanotechnology-based sensors for measurement of biomarkers. Materials like metal nanoparticles (gold, silver), semiconductor nanoparticles, and enzyme-loaded carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may be used to amplify biomarker signals.

Figure 6: Gold nanoparticles used for biomarkers (Image Courtesy: http://web.ornl.gov/info/news/pulse/pulse_ v246_07.htm)

Microbots:

Microbots are extremely small devices that can work inside the human body to help fight diseases. One of the microbot being developed resembles the flagella – a spiral shaped tail that helps bacterium to swim. These artificial bacterial flagella (ABFs) are about half the diameter of a human hair and are made using computer chip technology. Robots this small are called Nanobots, much smaller than bacteria. A magnetic head is attached to the ABF, so that, through a magnetic field, can be made to rotate, and move forward and forward. Once it is directed to a precise location, the robot could deliver medicine that destroys tumors [16]. In addition to cancer treatment, microbots are also being considered potentially useful for other medical purposes. Diabetes patients have to test their blood multiple times daily to ensure that their glucose levels are stable. Using nanobots would enable doctors to receive data from many different locations simultaneously throughout the body and allow for a more continuous monitoring of blood sugar levels without the pain and inconvenience of selftesting [17].

Cancer Detection and Treatment:

The NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer states that, In the fight against cancer, half the battle is won based on early detection. Nanotechnology research is contributing to improved cancer survival rates through advances in screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. In the traditional methods of chemotherapy, it was found that 99% of the times the drug would not reach the target cell. Nanotechnology has proved its efficiency in early detection of the cancerous cells as well as treatment of cancer. Nanoparticles also carry the potential for targeted and time-release drugs. A potent dose of drugs could be delivered to a specific area but engineered to release over a planned period to ensure maximum effectiveness and the patient’s safety. These treatments aim to take advantage of the power of nanotechnology and the voracious tendencies of cancer cells, which feast on everything in sight, including drug-laden nanoparticles. One experiment of this type used modified bacteria cells that were 20 percent the size of normal cells. These cells were equipped with antibodies that latched onto cancer cells before releasing the anticancer drugs they contained. Another used nanoparticles as a companion to other treatments. These particles were sucked up by cancer cells and the cells were then heated with a magnetic field to weaken them. The weakened cancer cells were then much more susceptible to chemotherapy [19]. Figure 8 illustrates the use of nanoparticles for cancer therapy.

DISCUSSION

In the field of Biomedical, nanotechnology is a boon since extremely small devices such as the nanobots or the PillCam can be created to help cure people faster and without the side effects that other traditional drugs have. The traditional drugs have a drawback that they dissolve poorly in water; however the drugs developed with the help of nanotechnology have the ability to transport easily in an aqueous solution, such as blood. You will also find that the research of nanotechnology in medicine is now focusing on areas like tissue regeneration, bone repair, immunity and even cures for such ailments like cancer, diabetes, and other life threatening diseases. Although today Nanotechnology is a fast growing field, there are some challenges associated with using Nanotechnology in Biomedical engineering which need to be taken care of. Since these particles are very small, problems can actually arise from the inhalation of these minute particles, much like the problems a person gets from inhaling minute asbestos particles [20]. If we change the structure of material on the nano level without understanding the potential impact on the nanoscale, we risk creating a whole world of materials that have atoms that actually do not fit together cohesively [21]. Presently, nanotechnology is very expensive and developing it can cost a lot of money. It is also pretty difficult to manufacture, which is probably why products made with nanotechnology are more expensive [20].

CONCLUSION

Although the advances of Nanotechnology in Biomedical field are advancing at a comparatively slower rate, however the revolution in Nanotechnology has made it possible to overcome the drawbacks of the traditional devices. Thus this manuscript reviews the advancement of Biomedical applications due to the integration of Nanotechnology field.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Author acknowledges the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. Author is also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature of this article has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

1. Herbert Ernest and Rahul Shetty, “Impact of Nanotechnology on Biomedical Sciences: Review of Current Concepts on Convergence of Nanotechnology With Biology”, Submitted: March 26th, 2005.

2. Shalini Singh, “Nanostructures: Enhancing Potential Applications in Biomedicals”, Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology, 2013, Vol.4, No.1, Article ID: 26835.

3. Kalangutkar, Prajakta Kishore. “The Evolution of Nanomedicine with the Re-Evolution of Nanotechnology.”

4. There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom- http://www.zyvex. com/nanotech/feynman.html.

5. Weili Qiao, BochuWang, YazhouWang, Lichun Yang, Yiqiong Zhang, and Pengyu Shao “Cancer Therapy Based on Nanomaterials and Nanocarrier Systems”, Journal of Nanomaterials, Volume 2010, Article ID 796303.

6. B.Roszek, W.H. de Jong and R.E. Geertsma, “Nanotechnology in medical applications: state-of the-art in materials and devices”, RIVM report 265001001/2005

7. Rajshri M.Navalakhe and Tarala D.Nandedkar, “Application of Nanotechnology in Biomedicine”, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, Feb 2007,Vol.54, pp. 160-165.

8. Biomedical Application of Nanotechnology: http://www. ece.gatech.edu/

9. Siddhartha Shrivastava and Debabrata Dash , “Applying Nanotechnology to Human Health Revolution in Biomedical Sciences”, Journal of Nanotechnology,Vol.2009, Article ID 284702.

10. YaleScientific: http://www.yalescientific.org/2013/02/ microbots-using-nanotechnology-in- medicine/

11. Given Imaging: http://www.givenimaging.com/, visited on 30/12/2014.

12. Nanotechnology medical applications – Research at the University of Maryland.

13. Anirudha Malik, Sudhir Chaudhary, Garima Garg and Avnika Tomar, “Dendrimers: A Tool for Drug Delivery”, Advances in Biomedical Research,2012, Vol. 6, issue 4, pp. 165-169.

14. Low Voltage Electron Microscope - http://www.lv-em. com/news-and-events/lvem5-desktop- tem-used-to-imagedendrimers

15. Oak Ridge National Laboratory: http://web.ornl.gov/info/ news/pulse/pulse_v246_07.htm, visited on 26/12/2014.

16. Medical Discovery News: http://www.medicaldiscoverynews.com/shows/255-microbots.html, visited on 22/12/2014.

17. Yale Scientific: http://www.yalescientific.org/2013/02/ microbots-using-nanotechnology-in- medicine/, visited on 22/12/2014.

18. Scoop.It! http://www.scoop.it/t/nanoscience-resourcesfor-secondary-schools, visited on 2/1/2015.

19. http://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/modern-technology/gold-nanotech1.htm, visited on 29/12/2014.

20. Introduction to Nanotechnology: http://nanogloss. com/nanotechnology/advantages-and - disadvantages-of-nanotechnology/#ixzz3OUXqd79a, visited on 29/12/2014.

21. Introduction to Nanotechnology: http://nanogloss. com/nanotechnology/the-potential- disadvantages-of-nanotechnology/#ixzz3OUbIWuwF, visited on 29/12/2014.

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Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

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One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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Best Article Award

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A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
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A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
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A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
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A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
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A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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