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IJCRR - 7(13), July, 2015

Pages: 12-18

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CARBON NANOTUBES: A REVIEW OF THE CURRENT STATE-OF-THE-ART MATERIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TOWARDS ACHIEVING LARGE-SCALE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTIONS AND COMMERCIALIZATION

Author: Boye T.E., Oyekale J.O., Arivie G.O.

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:We reviewed state of the art and science towards achieving large-scale industrial productions and commercialization of Carbon nanotubes' (CNTs). It transcends their physical and chemical structure to the identification of the need for large-scale production of carbon nanotubes in enhancing manufacturing industrial processes, and potential frame work for commercialization. Solution potential with reference to the research and manufacturing industry, particularly in electronic device was x-rayed and evaluated estimating production capacity of the CNT process plant and the processes involved. The cost of manufacturing Nano-emission display (NED) device with CNTs was highlighted showing great commercial potential in this specified area. Furthermore, the viability of CNTs for possible large-scale industrial productions and commercialization was critically examined using PEST analysis.
Finally, it was concluded that, there are huge potentials for large scale industrial productions of CNTs investment both by the governments or private sectors.

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes’ (CNT’s), Large scale industrial production, Flat panel display devices

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INTRODUCTION

Carbon nanotubes are novel material that holds huge potential in the electronics, biomedical sensor, pharmaceuticals, aerospace and photolithography manufacturing (with direct or indirect applications in domestic, commercial and industrial products) if mass production and commercialization is done[1-5]. They form a major building blocks of nanotechnology possessing100 times the tensile strength of steel, higher thermal conductivity than pure diamond with higher electrical conductivity with copper. These properties make them outstanding engineering materials and hence they spring research interest amongst industrialist, academics, government and investors as captured in [1].

Origin of Carbon Nanotube

Carbon nanotube (CNT), discovered by Sumio Iijima in 1991 [2] in the soot of an arc discharge apparatus. The discovery of CNT ignited research on growth, characterization and application development has exploded due to the amazing electronics and extraordinary mechanical properties[3]. Thus CNT can be metallic or semi-conducting, and hence provides the potential to create semiconductor to semiconductor and semiconductor to metal junctions, useful in electronics devices. The high-tensile strength and Young’s Modulus, and other mechanical properties assured for the production of high-strength composites for structures application[3]. Siochi, et al (2003) also identified that the revolutionary design concept in future aerospace vehicles would basically rely on novel materials with extraordinary structural properties which enables significant reduction of mass and size of components to be achieved while imparting intelligence. Hence, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are expected to allow this paradigm shift in design concepts. However, Siochi et al [4], pointed out that significant challenges still exist in translating these CNT properties into macrostructures needed for future aerospace vehicles.

Meyyappan and Srivastave[5], identified that researchers have been exploring CNT in the area of nanoelectronics, sensors, field-emission base displays, batteries, polymer matrix composites, re-enforce materials, electrodes, etc.

Carbon Nanotubes Structures and Properties

Basically they are two chemical structures of CNTs with the same properties; the single-wall carbon nanotubes, SWCNT and the multiple-wall Carbon nanotubes, MWCNT as shown in Figure 2. Both interesting nano-materials can either be metallic or semiconductor, depending on its chiral vector (n, m) where n and m are two integers [3].

 Doudero and Gorge [6], that carbon nanotube can be synthesized in two structural forms single-wall and multiple-wall. Iijima[2] first discovered the first tubules exhibiting a multiwall structure of concentric nanotubes forming into a tube (MWCNT) and the single-wall structure by observing a single-shell structure believed to be precursor to the MWCNT. The single-wall CNT (SWCNT) can be best described as a rolled-up tubular shell of graphitic sheet shown in figure 2 which is capped at both ends by half dome-shaped half-fullerene molecules with a diameter of 1 nm which are made of benzene-type hexagonal rings of carbon atoms [5]. The multi-wall CNT (MWCNT) is a rolled-up stack sheet in graphitic and concentric cylinders, ends either capped by half fullerenes or kept open. An arrangement (n,m) used to identify each SWCNT, refers to integer indices of two grapheme unite pattern vector corresponding to chiral vector for nanotubes[4-5]. Furthermore, nanotubes are described by using one of the three morphologies: armchair, zigzag and chiral. Figure 3 shows the assembly of the carbon hexagon of the graphitic sheet with distinct chiral vectors and angles [6]. The indices of the vector determine the morphology of the nanotubes[6]

Srivavastava et al [7], in their explanation of the morphologies of nanotubes structures suggested that nanotubes of type (n,m), (in figure 3(b)), are commonly called armchair because of their shape, which is perpendicular to the tube axis and a symmetry along the axis of short unit cell (0.25nm) that can be repeated to make the entire section of long nanotubes. The nanotubes type (n,0) are known as the zigzag nanotubes, figure 3(c), because of the zigzag shape perpendicular to the axis, and they also have a short unit cell (0.43 nm) along their axes. Dresselhaus [8]argued that the variance of morphology of the nanotubes can lead to change of the properties of the nanotubes; for example, the electronic properties of an armchair are metallic. On the other hand, the electric properties of the zigzag nanotubes are semiconducting. Lau and Hui[9]believed that the behavior of nanotube structure morphologies is determined based on a mathematical model developed using the chiral vector indices.

Advantages of Carbon Nanotubes

Iijima, Mayyappan, and Siegel investigated the physical properties of carbon nanotubes and the potential to drive research and adapted the use of vibration of nanotubes as a function of temperature in calculating Young’s modulus at 1Tpa [10]. Figure 4 shows a chart comparing the tensile strength of CNT to other materials. Methods commonly used to measure elastic properties of individual carbon nanotubes include the micro Raman spectroscope [11], thermal oscillation by transmission microscope [10, 12] and application of force on a nanotube rope suspended across a pit using an atomic force microscope cantilever [13 - 15]. However, Pan et al [16] also shows that the results of tensile test experiments of the CNT rope properties and obtained an average value for each tube based on the numbers of nanotubes on the rope. The values measured have tensile modulus and strength for single-wall (SWCNTs) and multi-wall CNTs (MWCNTs), ranging from 270GPa to 1TPa and 11GPa to 200GPa respectively [9].

Yu and Lieber[17] research potentials of nanoscience and nanotechnology in chemistry, physics, materials science, engineering, and life sciences.

The Needs Analysis for Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes have been promising for applications in large areas on consumer and non-consumer products. Consumers products such as electronics, temperature sensors, biomedical devices amongst others, non-consumers products such as in aerospace industry, lightweight manufacturing industry, research, business etc. The substantial increase of the demand of CNTs has presented major challenges of the need for industrial scale productions. Mass productions of CNT are still insignificant because of the lack of raw materials. Currently bulk production rate of SWCNTs is hovering around few kilograms per day, large-scale composite effort are nonexistent at present [5]. Table 1 show the present approximate amount produced worldwide per day.

The Need for Carbon Nanotubes in Flat Panel Display

Nanotubes have been promising in the manufacturing of flat panel display products such as flat TV screen, computer monitors, smart phones display etc. The use of carbon nanotubes in display technology has posed a new challenge to other display product such as LCD, plasma and OLED display[17]. Nano- emission display (NED) based on carbon nanotubes is basically a thin, flat cathode ray tube with thousands of electron guns at each pixel and it shows that NEDs have a promising future for use in flat panel displays [17]. However the manufacturing of NED for commercialization still faces the major challenge of availability of raw materials of CNTs to meet the lager areas of application of display panels and other products for commercial demands in the long term. Figure 11 shows the continuous rise of demand for flat panel display.

Table1 below shows approximated figures in grams per day of carbon nanotubes produced worldwide while Table 2 shows the common areas of applications and desire form of functionalization of carbon nanotubes, especially SWCNTs. The information obtained from both tables indicates that the quantity of CNTs produce per day cannot be compared to the quantity needed for large areas of applications in terms of large-scale production. Clearly there is huge demand for the manufacturing of CNTs.

However the concerns of large-scale productions of CNTs have been observed by researchers in this field. Agboola et al, Do et al[18, 20] has presented conceptual designs of CNTs process plants if implemented may be a possible solution for large-scale production of CNTs for commercialization.

Framework Solutions for CNT Large-scale Production

Possible framework solutions of the needs for large-scale production have been initiated and conceptual design delivered by Agboola et al, Do. [18, 20], and in different occasion, they both presented a conceptual design of carbon nanotubes process plant that will have the capability of producing hundreds kilograms per year. The growth technique used by both researchers is the Chemical Vapor Discharge (CVD) method which is a novel development of the CVD growth technique which establish the one (CNT-PFR process) used the high pressure carbon monoxide disproportional reaction iron over catalytic particle clusters (HiPOC reactor), and the other (CNT-FBR process) used catalytic disproportional carbon monoxide over a silica supported cobalt- molybdenum catalyst (CoMoCAT reactor). The tables below show the capability of both HiPOC and CoMoCAT process plants of CNTs [18].

Research on Commercial and Demand forecast of Carbon Nanotubes

The outcome of the research on commercial and demand of carbon nanotubes shows realistic market potentials of the state-of-art material and economic viability its products.

Forecast Demand Curves

The information obtained from the demand graph in Figure 14is as follows: Demand for research and commercial sectors in short and long term; the demand curves to the right with time; indicated that demand becomes less inelastic with time and at lower price, this, indicates market potential in future.

However, figure 15 below shows an approximate forecast of the numbers of companies into the market and it was estimated base on the past trends and the average production rate is determined from the market research.

Supply Forecast and Market Equilibrium

Figure 16 and 17, graphically illustrates the forecast of supply curves, quantity of large-scale production of carbon nanotube to market price.

This forecast supply curves is assume to be linear and it is estimated base on the projected numbers of companies’ entry into the market by 2015, with average production increase by 10% per year. This indicates potential of steady increase in supply in future market.

Nano Emission Display Flat Panel

According to Motorola’s “Motorola’s Nano Emission Display (NED) technology is demonstrating full colour video with good response time,” Barry Young, the CFO of Display Search, states that “According to a detailed cost model analysis conducted by our firm, we estimate the manufactured cost for a 40-inch NED panel could be under $400” [21].If compared to other flat panel display products such as plasma and light-emitting diode (LED) on the market today’s. Nano-emission displays (NED) based carbon nanotube would be significantly cheap to manufacture. The low costs of manufacturing NED will have potential low market price as well and perhaps dominate the market segment of flat display panels.

Therefore, Presumably Nano-emission display (NED) will have very large market segment in display components such as smart phones, computer monitors, large display screens, and related display applications due to its outstanding features and opportunities of the product and as well the superior electron properties of the material carbon nanotube.

DISCUSSION

It is obvious that research carried out on this novel material since itsfirst discovery [2] has opened new era of exploration of carbon and its isotopes and materials sciences in general due to its composites. Thus, critical appraisal of nanotechnology and carbon nanotubes arises, it will be appropriate to employ the school of thought ‘PEST’ an acronym for the following words: Politics, Ecology, Sociology/Economic and Technology respectively for appraisal.

Politics of CNTs Large-Scale Production Carbon nanotubes have not only caught the interest of scientists, researchers, investors, engineers but also governments [24]. The government of some western countries, especially the United States of America (USA) have invested billions of dollars in research and development (R and D) program of Nano-science, Nano-technology and the buildings blocks (carbon nanotubes and carbon nanowires) through governmental R and D agencies like National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA), National Nanotechnology Initiatives (NNI) and a host of other governmental and private research agencies. According to the NNI Nano-science, Technology and Engineering Handbook 2007, it states that. The American Government believes that significant breakthrough of nanotechnology will enhances economic creativities and democratization in the present time and more in the future. This positive attitude of the USA in this regards will no doubt inspire more developed countries to key into, and developing countries to be abreast with the carbon nanotubes development challenges in order for them to contribute their quota as well.

Ecology (Environment) of CNTs Large-Scale production

This emerging technology and the production and manufacturing of carbon nanotubes could be relatively ecofriendly. The environment must be carefully considered due to climate change (global warming) experienced on the Earth, probably caused by human activities such as indiscriminate burning of large amounts of hydro-carbons into the atmosphere. Agboola et al[18] stated that, in the conceptual design of the carbon nanotube process using two CVD methods to product CNTs for industrial scale, these processes are energy intensive and emits significant amounts of carbon dioxides of about 2700kg/h. This will definitely increases the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Thus, Xu et al[22], claims that “sustainable development in the concept should be developed to meet the needs in the present without compromising the future to meet the needs” therefore, a sustainable solution was devised, ensuring that the carbon dioxides produced from the industrial processes could be utilized as a raw material in other carbon dioxide processes, for example production of urea and methanol, amongst others reported [22]. In effect, the utilization of carbon dioxides emission from the CNTs processing will not only make carbon nanotube processes significantly eco-friendly but reduce the costs of production, because the resources needed to control the carbon dioxides released into the atmosphere by the industrial processes of CNT production can be utilized by re-investment into the industrial processes for continuous improvement of the processes and technology.

Sociology/Economic of CNTs Large-Scale production

Nanotechnology and carbon nanotubes have demonstrated flexibility and integration into multiple disciplines from science, technology and economics. This can be justified by the high numbers of application areas such as Nano-science, Nano-biomedical, Nano-electronic, Nanosuper computer etc. [23]. The formulation of NNI is basically to create a platform of an interdisciplinary nanotechnology community to facilitate R and D infrastructures that will constitute significant growth. This initiative will attract thousands of professional and NGOs contributors that will constitute wide participation thereof. So it has become an alternative to the centralized approach in the United States. But apart from Japan and United Kingdom which have contributed little to in this respect. Other nations of the world probably have not done significant campaign on the state-of-the-art material [24].The major economic issue with CNTs is the costs of manufacturing for various applications for commercialization; therefore, the potential for batch productions of CNTs may significantly reduce the manufacturing costs for carbon nanotubes commercialization initiatives.

Technology of CNTs Large-Scale production Nano-technology is a novel technology which revives the study of matters of atoms and molecules in their nanoscale state, and thus the manipulating of carbon atoms and molecules in nano-scales, defining its functionality for useful macro applications. According to the American National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), the definition of nanotechnology “is the ability to understand, control and manipulate matters at the level of individual atoms and molecules, as well as ‘supermolecular’ the level involving clusters of molecules (in the range of 0.1 to 100nm), in order to create materials, devices, and systems with fundamental properties and functions because of their small structure”. or the case of flat panel display, nano-emission display (NED) technology based on carbon nanotubes has presumably fulfilling the anticipated future of nano-based electronics applications with the feature of lager size components but lighter weight, smaller components but smarter, low energy consumptions and probably cheaper. Motorola has successful design and built a prototype of NED that “outperform today’s flat-panel televisions are ready to move out of the lab and into factories” [19].

CONCLUSION

This study carried out a critical review on the current state-of –art material science and technology towards achieving large-scale industrial productions and commercialization of Carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The following conclusions were being drawn:

• A promising engineering material for modern technological devices, which have shown significant level of progress in the past decade. Following the continuous development of their extraordinary mechanical and unique electronic properties, provides the opportunities for stateof-the-art applications that will break the jinx for large-scale production for commercialization that will amount to wealth creation.

• Initial breakthrough for large-scale production for commercialization has been achieved. For example, the developed consumer’s product like Motorola’s Nano emission displays technology of full colour flat display panel prototype and with the developed detail design of CNTs production process plant.

• For private investors, there is high potential for returns on investment (ROI) in short term and long term. And also, governments have nothing to lose by investing significantly into the developmental strategies that would results into large-scale production. Hence, huge investment by governments shall be beneficiary overall. This will definitely contribute to the reduction of unemployment, improvement of nation’s defense strategies, and facilitating robust research and development (R and D) communities of Nano science and Nanotechnology locally and internationally.

Finally, it would be safe to end this conclusion section, in recognition of the huge potentials for large-scale industrial productions and commercialization of CNTs. Tangible investment both by governments or private sectors will change the status quo of production challenges and take advantage of Nano-science and Nano-technology trend.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors/editors/publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

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19.http://nanotechweb.org/cws/article/tech/22244

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A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
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A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
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A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
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A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
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A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
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A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
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A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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