International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 7(21), November, 2015

Pages: 29-32

Date of Publication: 11-Nov-2015


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KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF CERVICAL CANCER AMONG WOMEN IN RURAL INDIA

Author: Arunadevi V., Geetha Prasad

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Objectives: To assess knowledge and attitudes about HPV, cervical cancer and its screening among women using a structured questionnaire to obtain information. Methods: A cross: Section interview based survey was conducted in May 2015. Two hundred women attending a well women clinic were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing cervical cancer awareness and specific knowledge about prevention of the disease. Settings: Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Science and Research Centre. Results: Only 38% of the respondents were aware that cervical cancer is the most common cause of gynecological cancers. 63% were aware that infection is the most common cause of cervical cancer of these 49% said that virus is the cause and 16% of the respondents knew that the virus is Human Papilloma virus(HPV). 78% recognized pap smear as a screening test. In total only 13 out of 200 respondents were aware of HPV Vaccine. Conclusion: The low screening participation among Indian women may be due to limited awareness and knowledge about cervical cancer screening examinations. The universal application of Pap smears in western communities has lead to drastic decline in the number of invasive cancers of the cervix and higher detection of preinvasive lesions . Identification of factors determining participation, incorporating a comprehensive health education programme prior to screening, personal invitations, proximity of clinics to the target women all help in increasing the compliance.

Keywords: Conventional cytology, Chronic infection, Sophisticated equipment

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Cancer of the uterine cervix is the second most common cancer among women globally. An estimated 550,700 new cases and 286,823 deaths due to cervix cancer are estimated to have occurred in the year 2010. India alone accounts for one-fourth of the global cervix cancer burden.1 . Several tests have been developed to screen women for cervix pre-cancers and cancers. The choice of the test will depend on its technical performance, cost-effectiveness, the available resources and the socio cultural settings in which it is to be used.2 Conventional cytology based screening with pap smear test developed by George Papanicolaou has been the mainstay of cervical cancer prevention worldwide since the 1950’s. Pap test has repeatedly demonstrated good specificity ranging from 86% to 100%.3 . Cytology based screening programmes are labor intensive and logistically burdensome. They require multiple visits by the women for various reasons like screening, obtaining the results follow up investigations and treatment in case of abnormal smears. Thus, despite the low consumable cost, high quality cytology is expensive in absolute terms and may not necessarily be the most cost-effective option for screening.4 Chronic infection with oncogenic HPV is a necessary, but insufficient cause for the development of cervical cancer. Presence of Co-factors such as high parity smoking nutritional deficiency, hormonal contraceptive use and presence of other sexually transmitted infections increases the risk.5 Even today millions of women in the developing countries are never screened for cervical cancer in their entire lifetime. Routine cytological screening should be offered to all women above the age of 21 years who are active for atleast 3 years Screening combined with vaccination can substantially reduce the worldwide cervical cancer mortality. Effective implementation of sustainable cervical cancer screening programmes using sufficiently sensitive and specific tests that covers minimum 70% of the targeted population through screening atleast once in a lifetime along with effective treatment is vital in reducing the burden of cervix cancers.6 The purpose of the study was to assess the level and accuracy of public understanding about cervical cancer and its screening in India.

METHODS

The study was conducted in May 2015. A questionnaire based on the study objectives was designed and administered to 200 women attending a public clinic. The questionnaire consisted of the questions regarding the knowedge and awareness about different aspects of cervical cancer . Open ended questions were asked about the etiology, clinical features and prevention of cervical cancer with multiple responses. This study was approved by ethical committee.

RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

1 KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CERVICAL CANCER.
The result showed that 38% of the respondents recognized that cervical cancer is the most common malignancy in gynecological cancers, while 28% thought that it is moderately common and 34% thought that it is least common, 36% were aware that it is the second most common gynecological cancer leading to death.

2. Knowledge about the etiology of cervical cancer
63% were aware that infection is one of the causes of cervical cancer, 21.5% said environment and 17% opted for genetics. 19% of the sample said that they “don’t know” the cause of cervical cancer. Of all the respondents who opted for infection 49% said virus is the cause of that infection, Other responses were bacteria (22%), fungus (19%) and parasite (8%). 16% of the study population who opted for virus were aware that HPV is that virus. None of the respondents were aware of the correct technique to detect HPV, which is PCR.

3. Knowledge about the risk factors and clinical features of cervical cancer.
Sexual practice which included unprotected sex was the most common risk factors observed (32%). Most common presenting complaint reported was vaginal bleeding (38%) and vaginal discharge (24%). While few thought lower abdominal pain (15%), swelling of cervix (9%), itching (6.5%) could also be the initial symptoms patients with cervical cancer present with.

4. Knowledge about the treatment of cervical cancer
21% answered the correct treatment option which was “to treat according to the stage of the disease”. 34% were of the opinion that radiotherapy is required to cure cervical cancer, whereas 26% were in favour of surgery and 19% for chemotherapy

5. Knowledge about prevention of cervical cancer

78% of respondents were aware that pap smear is the screening test for cervical cancer. Ultrasonogram (14%), Biopsy(5%), Radiological scans (3%) were few of the incorrect responses observed. Majority of respondents were aware of the correct time to start screening which is after first coitus (62%). In total only 13 out of 200 were aware of the vaccine against HPV Majority of the respondents opted for health professionals (48%) and mass media (41%) as a source through which knowledge concerning cervical cancer, 11% found special lectures and conferences to be a good source to obtain information.

DISCUSSION

In India cancer of the cervix is number one killer cancer among women. It is estimated that during 2008, 134,420 new cases of cancer cervix occured in the country (incidence rate of 7 per lac population) and about 72,825 women died of the disease (mortality rate of 15.2 per lac population). It comes to 23.3 percent of all cancer deaths in women and about 11.4 percent of total cancer deaths in the country.7 . Liquid based cytology (LBC) is more expensive than conventional cytology and requires additional supplies and sophisticated equipment. In a meta-analysis comparing conventional pap with LBC no difference was found in the relative sensitivity. But, a lower pooled specificity was found for LBC when presence of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and above were included (ratio 0.91, 95% CI: 0.84-0.98).8 . The evidence base in support of visual based screening methods has emerged from several studies conducted in different developing countries demonstrating comparable or greater sensitivity of visual inspection of the cervix with naked eye (after application of acetic acid (VIA) or lugol, s iodine (VILI) than that of cytology. The test characteristics of VIA have been evaluated from several cross sectional studies in India, Africa and china, wherein the sensitivity range from 67% to 79% and the specificity range from 49-86% 9 . The sensitivity and specificity in a pooled analysis of eleven cross – sectional studies were 76.8%(range, 56.1-93.9%) and 85.5% (range 74.2-93.8%) for VIA and 91.7% (range, 76.0-97.0%) and 85.4% (range, 73.0-91.3%) for VILI respectively.10 VIAM (performing VIA under low magnification) has similar sensitivity and specificity as compared with VIA and does not have any added benefit over VIA.11. The results of cluster randomised controlled trial in southern India, after a single round of screening using VIA followed by treatment in the same visit, when appropriate, show a significant 25% reduction in cervical cancer incidence and a significant 35% reduction in cervical cancer mortality at the end of seven years of follow up.12 Another cluster randomised controlled trial of cervix cancer screening in Mumbai, India, demonstrated a significant down staging of cervix cancers in the intervention arm.13 Though a single round of VIA screening did not show decrease in the incidence of advanced cervical cancer and significant mortality reduction after eight years of initiation of the osmanabad trial14, the same may be evident after few more years of follow-up. The Mumbai cross-sectional study concludes that parallel testing with both VIA and VILI should be considered where good quality cytology is not feasible and that the sensitivity of cytology and HPV testing can be significantly increased by adding the visual test.15. Visual tests are not reliable in postmenopausal women because of changes in the transformation zone of the cervix the area in which precursors of cervical cancer arise.16,17. Genital HPV infection is the most common viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) and affects roughly 80% of sexually active people. In most cases HPV infection is cleared by the cell mediated immune system within 1-2 years of exposure.18. The median time of clearance of HPV infections detected during screening studies is 6-18 months.19. The small proportion (about 10%) of carcinogenic infections persisting for several years is strongly linked to a high absolute risk of diagnosis of precancer.20.

CONCLUSION

More than 85% cases and 88% deaths from cervix cancer occur in developing countries, where women often lack access to cervical cancer screening and treatment. Choosing a suitable screening test with good efficacy and one which is replicable, affordable, feasible for implementation with respect to available technical expertise and manpower is an important aspect of a screening program . Highly effective HPV prophylactic vaccines are now available for prevention of cervix cancers. Hence, early detection and treatment needs to be continued for millions of women who are already infected and who may not receive vaccination in the near future.

ABBREVIATIONS:
HPV- Human Papilloma Virus
STI- Sexually Transmitted Infections
VIA- Visual Inspection of Acetic acid
VILI-Visual Inspection of Lugol’s Iodine
VIAM- Visual Inspection of Acetic acid under low Magnification
ICUD-Intra Uterine contraceptive Device
OCP- Oral contraceptive Pills
LBC- Liquid Based Cytology
ASCUS- Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Author acknowledges the enormous help received from the scholars whose articles have been cited and incorporated in references. Author is also grateful to authors/editors/publishers of all those articles journals and books from where the literature for this articles has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

1. Farley J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C and Parkin DM. GLOBOCAN 2008, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: Lyon, France,: International Agency for Research on Cancer ; 2010.

2. Kitchener HC, Castle PE, Cox JT. Chapter 7: Achievements and limitations of cervical cytology screening, Vaccine 2006; 24,3: S63-S70.

3. Nanda K, McCrory D, Myers E et al. Accuracy of the papanicolaou test in screening for and follow up of cervical cytological abnormalities: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med 2000 ; 132:810-9.

4. Goldie SJ, Gaffikin L, Gold haber – Fiebert JD, et al. Cost – effectiveness of cervical , cancer screening in five developing countries. N Eng J Med 2005:353:2158-68.

5. Munoz N. Castellsague X, de Gonzalez AB, Gissmann L, Chapter 1: HPV in the aetiology of human cancer. Vaccine 2006 ; 24,3:S3/1-10. Epub 2006 Jun 23.

6. Gravitt PE, Belinson JL , Salmeron J ,et al. Looking ahead a case for human papillomavirus testing of self sampled vaginal specimens as a cervical cancer screening strategy, Int J cancer 2011:129:517-27.

7. GLOBOCAN 2008, India Fact sheet, 2010 Section of Cancer Information International angency for Research on cancer, Lyon, France.

8. Arbyn M , Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, etal. Liquid compared with conventional cervical cytology; a systematic review and meta analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2008:111:167-77.

9. Sankaranarayanan R, Gaffikin L, Jacob M, et al. A critical assessment of screening methods for cervical neoplasia. Int J Gynaecol obstet. 2005:89:84-12.

10. Sankarnarayanan R, Basu P, Wesley RS, et al . Accuracy of visual screening for cervical neoplasia. Results from an IARC multicentre study in India and Africa. Int J cancer 2004:110:907- 13.

11. Sankaranarayanan R, Shastri SS , Basu P, et al. The role of low level magnification in visual inspection with acetic acid for the early detection of cervical neoplasia, Cancer Detect Prev 2004 :28:345-51.

12. Sankaranarayanan R, Esmy PO, Raj Kumar R, et al, Effect of visual screening on cervical cancer incidence and mortality in Tamil Nadu , India :a cluster-randomised trial, Lancet 2007;370;398-406.

13. Mittra I , Mishra GA, Singh S, et al A Cluster Randomized controlled Trial of Cervix and Breast Cancer Screening in Mumbai, India; Methodology and Interim Analysis after Three round of Screening. Int J Cancer 2010; 126; 976-84.

14. Sankaranarayanan R, Nence BM , Shastri SS, et al HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India , N Engl J Med 2009; 306;1385-94.

15. Shastri SS, Dinshaw KA, Amin G, et al Concurrent evaluation of visual , Cytological and HPV testing as screening methods for the early detection of cervical neoplasia in Mumbai , India. Bull world Health organ 2005; 83; 186-94.

16. Colposcopy and Treatment of cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia : A Beginner, s Manual , Edited by sellors JW and Sankaranarayanan R. IARC 2003-04.

17. Sherris J, Wittet S, Kleine A, et al Evidence – Based, Alternative cervical Cancer Screening Approaches in Low – Resource settings. Int. Perspect Sex Reprod Health 2009;35;147-52.

18. Stanley M. Immune responses to Human Papillomavirus, Vaccine 2006; 24 ;S16-22

19. Plummer M, Schiffman M, Castle PE, et al A 2-Year Prospective study of HPV persistence among women with ASCUS or LSIL cytology, J Infect Dis 2007; 195; 1582-9

20. Schiffman M, Herrero R, Desalle R et al The carcinogenicity of human papilloma virus types reflects viral evolution, Virology 2005; 337; 76-84.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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