International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 8(1), January, 2016

Pages: 16-19

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A RARE CASE OF PERSISTENT MULLERIAN DUCT SYNDROME PRESENTING AS HERNIA UTERO INGUINALIS

Author: N. Murugesan, M. S. Viswanathan, Lakshmanan S., Pankaj Surana, R. Anbhazakan

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:The aim of presentation of this rare case of persistent mullerian duct syndrome is to outline management of such case when encountered unexpectedly while operating on obstructed inguinal hernia. More so this possibility should be kept in mind while operating on a case of cryptorchidism. PMDS is a rare condition often missed in a casual USG done in emergency this leads to confusion to surgeon while operating. Left behind gonads pose a risk of malignant degeneration if ignored and hence will need further management. Presence of risk of infertility after definitive treatment especially in young patients precludes immediate surgical removal of gonads in such patients. Proper informed consent prior to such procedure is important as is advise on future fertility.

Keywords: Persistent mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS), Pseudohermaphroditism, Transverse testicular ectopia (TTE), Cryptorchidism, Hernia utero inguinalis

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which could present as male pseudohermaphroditism in which Mullerian duct derivatives are seen in a male patient. This syndrome is characterized by the persistence of Mullerian duct derivatives (i.e. uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and upper two thirds of vagina) in a phenotypically and karyotypically male patient.The syndrome is caused either by an insufficient amount of Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF) or due to insensitivity of the target organ to MIF.

CASE REPORT A 30-year-old male presented to out patient department for a right inguinoscrotal swelling, which was present since 1 year and associated with pain and irreducibility for the past 1 week. Detailed history revealed an associated infertility and he has been married since 4 years. He reported normal sexual activity and had well developed secondary sexual characters. No significant family or personal history was noted. Abdominal examination revealed tense, tender, irreducible right inguinoscortal swelling with absent cough impulse. There were with no signs of intestinal obstruction or strangulation. On genital examination, he had normal male genitalia with normal appearing fully developed penis along with left sided non palpable testis and undeveloped scrotum. The testis on right side could not be appreciated due to tenseness of the hernia. Urgent ultrasound to evaluate revealed absent left testis in left inguinal region and right testis in right inguinal hernia with some ill defined mass in the hernial sac not unlike intestine or bowel. Rest of his lab investigations, ECG and CXR were within normal limits. With a clinical diagnosis of right sided irreducible inguinal hernia with absent testis on left side.

He was taken up for emergency surgery under spinal anesthesia for primarily relieving obstructed inguinal hernia. The exploration of opposite absent left testis was deferred to later date after proper imaging studies. Intraoperatively it was noted that the right hernial sac contained an underdeveloped uterus and bilateral fallopian tube with fimbria like structures. There were two gondal structures on either sides of fallopian tubes which appeared ovoid with smooth surface like testis. There was no evidence of strangulation and the tight neck of hernial sac was released and contents reduced. In order to evaluate, explain and to obtain consent from the patient, these abnormal mullerian structures were not removed in that first setting of open surgery. Mesh repair was done in standard way. His post operative recovery was uneventful. Further evaluations were done to confirm the type of abnormality.

a. Karyotyping was done that revealed 46XY genotype male

b. Tumor markers beta HCG and alpha fetoprotein were within normal limits.

c. CECT revealed uterus and fallopian tubes of almost normal size. Lower end of uterus ended in a cord like tissue that could be traced up to prostate. Bilateral hypoplastic testis were noted intraabdominally. No ovarian tissue was found. There were no abnormalities were noted in kidneys, ureters and bladder.

d. Semen analysis was azoospermic

e. Hormonal analysis revealed normal level of testosterone, oestrogen and progesterone for male

Patient and his wife were appraised and counselled about his condition. The reason for their infertility was explained. The need for removal of the abnormal uterus fallopian tubes and intra abdominal hypoplastic testes was explained. Appropriate consents were obtained for laparoscopic approach after explaining the risks and complications. Three months later under general anaesthesia the persistent mullerian structures uterus, fallopian tubes, vaginal tube up to its entry into prostate and both testis were removed laparoscopically by standard technique as used for laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy. Intraoperatively the cervix portion continued as a thick cord of like structure going deep in rectovescical plane. The dissection was taken deep and it was divided close to level of prostate. Post operative course was uneventful. Histopathology of the specimen revealed normal endometrial, myometrial and cervix and fallopian tube histology with normal seminiferous tubules lined by sertoli cells and foci of leydig cells. No epididymal structures found. And there was no evidence of spermatogenesis. Patient was regularly followed and is presently on testosterone replacement therapy. He was advised ART with donor sperm or adoption for infertility.

DISCUSSION Müllerian (paramesonephric) ducts and wolffian (mesonephric) ducts are the anlagen of the female and male reproductive tracts, respectively. In the XY fetus, the testis differentiates by the end of the seventh gestational week. Sertoli cells begin to secrete AMH, which is responsible for the regression of the Müllerian ducts. The AMH binds to a specific Type II serine-threonine kinase transmembrane receptor (AMHR-II). Human AMH gene localized near the tip of Chromosome 19, AMHR2 gene is located on 12q13. The type of persistent Mullerian duct syndrome caused by mutation in the AMH gene will be referred to as Type I, that which forms due to mutation in the AMH receptor (AMHR) will be designated as Type II.[1] In 45%, a mutation of the anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) gene was detected; in 39% mutation of the Type II receptor of AMH was detected; in 16% the cause is unknown.

Transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) or crossed testicular ectopia is a rare form of testicular ectopia. It was first reported by Von Lenhossek in 1886 [2]. More than 100 cases have been reported in the literature [3]. Several theories have been reported to explain the genesis of TTE. Berg [4] proposed the possibility of the development of both testes from the same genital ridge. Kimura [5] concluded that if both vasa deferentia arose from one side, there had been unilateral origin but if there was bilateral origin, one testis had crossed over. Gupta and Das [6] postulated that adherence and fusion of the developing Wolffian ducts took place early, and that descent of one testis caused the second one to follow. An inguinal hernia is invariably present on the side to which the ectopic testis has migrated.

On the basis of the presence of various associated anomalies, TTE has been classified into 3 types: Type 1, accompanied only by hernia (40% to 50%); type 2, accompanied by persistent or rudimentary Mullerian duct structures (30%); and type 3, associated with disorders other than persistent Mullerian remnants (inguinal hernia, hypospadias, pseudohermaphroditism, and scrotal abnormalities) (20%). According to that classification, our case was type 1/2 TTE. TTE associated with fused vas deferens is extremely rare. This condition may hinder the testis from being placed into the scrotum during orchidopexy [7].

The clinical presentation generally includes an inguinal hernia on one side and a contralateral or sometimes a bilateral cryptorchidism [8], [9]. Usually, the correct diagnosis is not made before surgical exploration, like our case, and it is revealed during herniotomy [9]. The diagnosis of TTE can be made preoperatively by using ultrasonography [10] by an experienced sonologist. Patients with TTE are at increased risk of malignant transformation. In fact, the overall incidence of malignant transformation of gonads is 18% [11]. There have been reports of embryonal carcinoma [12], seminoma, yolk sac tumor [13], and tera- toma [11]. Walsh et al. [14] in their study concluded that testicular cancer was nearly 6 times more likely to develop in cryptorchid cases whose operations were delayed until after age 10 to 11 years. Wood et al. [15] in their study showed that risk of malignancy in undescended testicles decreased if their orchidopexy performed before ages 10 to 12 years.

Orchidectomy of ectopic testis should be done, because orchidopexy offers only limited protection against future malignancy if performed after two years of age.[16] Manassero et al reported development of mixed germ cell tumor 18 years after bilateral orchidopexy.[17] Most are known to be infertile but it is preferable to remove ectopic testis, as it is prone for malignancy. If this is necessary on both sides, there is the additional problem of lifelong testosterone substitution which requires efficient patient monitoring and good patient compliance. In cases where this cannot be achieved, compromises, such as temporarily delayed orchidectomy, may be considered.[18] Testis, vas and epididymis are closely adherent running along the uterus and fallopian tubes. This gives rise to difficulty in separating the gonads and the vas without damage. Different surgical methods have been described for safe surgery.

There have been at least three documented reports of adenocarcinoma in the mullerian duct remnants. So, contrary to previous suggestions, now it is recommended to remove the persistent mullerian derivatives. The patient or his family should be completely informed of the diagnosis, the surgical options and the need for long-term follow-up. Finally, genetic counseling must be offered to the patient or his parents because of the possible chromosomal origin of the syndrome.

CONCLUSION This is a rare presentation of persistent mullarian duct syndrome reported few and far in literature. The surgeon operating on inguinal hernia in a cryptorchid patient, need to be aware of management of this condition, when encountered in an emergency situation. The future fertility of the patient need to be kept in mind and counselling before performing the definitive surgery is essential to prevent future litigation. Specimen harvest of sperms and storage for future use could be planned inappropriate setup if the development of testis seems adequate. Laparoscopic approach is ideal and minimally invasive way for definitive removal of remnant mullerian structures.

References:

1. Imbeaud S, Faure E, Lamarre I, Mattei MG, Clemente N, Tizard R, et al. Insensitivity to anti-mullerian hormone due to a mutation in the human anti-Mullerian hormone receptor. Nat Genet. 1995;11:382–8. [PubMed: 7493017]

2. Von Lenhossek MN. Ectopia testis transversa. Anat Anz.1886;1:376-81.

3. Fourcroy JL, Belman AB. Transverse testicular ectopia with persistent Müllerian duct. Urology. 1982; 19(5):536-8. DOI: 10.1016/0090-4295(82)90614-8

4. Berg AA. Transverse ectopy of the testis. Ann Surg. 1904;40:223

5. Kimura T. Transverse ectopy of the testis with masculine uterus. Ann Surg. 1918;68(4):420-5. DOI: 10.1097/00000658- 191810000-00009

6. Gupta RL, Das P. Ectopia testis transversa. J Indian Med Assoc. 1960;16:35:547-9.

7. Chacko JK, Furness PD 3rd, Mingin GC. Presentation of fused vas deferens. Urology. 2006; 67(5):1085.e17-8. DOI:10.1016/j. urology.2005.11.056

8. Feizzadeh Kerigh B, Mohamadzadeh Rezaei M. Crossed testicular ectopia: a case report. Urol J. 2005;2(4):222-3. Available from: http://www.urologyjournal.org/index.php/uj/article/ view/229/226

9. Acikalin MF, Pasaoglu O, Tokar B, Ilgici D, Ilhan H. Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome with transverse testicular ectopia: A case report with literature review. Turk J Med Sci. 2004;34:333- 6.

10. Nam YS, Baik HK, Kim SJ, Lee HK, Park HK. Transverse testicular ectopia found by preoperative ultrasonography. J Korean Med Sci. 1998; 13(3):328-30.

11. Berkmen F. Persistent müllerian duct syndrome with or without transverse testicular ectopia and testis tumours. Br J Urol. 1997; 79(1):122-6.

12. Melman A, Leiter E, Perez JM, Driscoll D, Palmer C. The influence of neonatal orchiopexy upon the testis in persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. J Urol. 1981;125(6):856-8.

13. Eastham JA, McEvoy K, Sullivan R, Chandrasoma P. A case of simultaneous bilateral nonseminomatous testicular tumors in persistent müllerian duct syndrome. J Urol. 1992;148(2 Pt1):407-8.

14. Walsh TJ, Dall’Era MA, Croughan MS, Carroll PR, Turek PJ. Prepubertal orchiopexy for cryptorchidism may be associated with lower risk of testicular cancer. J Urol. 2007; 178(4 Pt1):1440-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.166

15. Wood HM, Elder JS. Cryptorchidism and testicular cancer: separating fact from fiction. J Urol. 2009; 181(2):452-61. DOI:10.1016/j.juro.2008.10.074

16. Berkmen F. Persistent mullerian duct syndrome with or without transverse testicular ectopia and testis tumors. Br J Urol. 1997;79:122–6. [PubMed: 9043511]

17. Manassero F, Cuttano MG, Morelli G, Salinitri G, Spurio M, Selli C. Mixed germ cell tumor after bilateral orchidopexy in persistent mullerian duct syndrome with transverse testicular ectopia. Urol Int. 2004;73:81–3. [PubMed: 15263798]

18. Buchholz NP, Biyabani R, Herzig MJ, Ali A, Nazir Z, Sulaiman MN, et al. Persistent mullerian duct syndrome. Eur Urol. 1998;34:230–2. [PubMed: 9732199]

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

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SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
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A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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