International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 11(16), August, 2019

Pages: 01-04

Date of Publication: 17-Aug-2019


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Smoking Behavior among Bangladeshi Young Adults: Insights from a Smoking Survey of University Students in Dhaka City

Author: Senjuti Majumder, Shahanaj Parvin Shoma

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Background: Smoking has become an important public health issue in recent years, but little is known about how smokers position themselves and regulate their behavior in this context.
Objective: The study was aimed to investigate the trends of cigarette smoking & the concomitant perception of young adults towards it.
Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out at renowned 5 universities of Dhaka city. Around 250 students filled-out the questionnaires based on cigarette smoking and were evaluated in between July, 2015 to December, 2015.
Results: This survey has been shown that most of the smokers are male and the number of female smoker is also increasing. We also learnt different kinds of people's perception regarding smoking. Moreover, we identified that although maximum participants knew that smoking can cause cancer and chronic respiratory diseases, they continued smoking. From the survey we have come to understand that, day by day the number of smokers has been increasing rapidly. To quit smoking is quite impossible to the young smokers.
Conclusion: Our awareness can show them a light of life. For this, we need to come forward and help them to quit smoking. Media advertising, campaigning, social awareness, education etc. can help us to prevent smoking.

Keywords: Smoking, Harmful, Young adults, Attitudes, Regulation, Awareness

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Over the past few decades several study results have suggested that smoking prevalence among young adults has increased significantly1. Targeting young adults by tobacco industries is the main reason of increasing young smokers. Much of their marketing occurs by targeting college and university students2. The longevity of tobacco smoking is severely detrimental to human health which is well known to us because of several articles published earlier on this topic3-5. Several studies have also shown the relationship between tobacco smoking and the development of diseases. Among the observed diseases most notable are heart disease, respiratory or lungs disease, renal disease and various types of cancer6-10. According to the study of WHO one billion people will die in 21st century due to the diseases associated with tobacco because it causes some deleterious non-communicable diseases11. In addition to smoking, passive smoking is also responsible for causing diseases, disability and even death12

The best way to prevent the harmful effects of smoking is quitting it. Smokers who gained mental benefit from smoking, as in some cases finding it helpful to regulate or improve concentration, are less successful of quitting smoking13. On the other hand who believes smoking is harmful for health and for everyday life will be more motivated to quit smoking14. The intention of our study was to identify common causes and factor of smoking and believes of smokers. After identifying common factors, preventive measures were also evaluated to benefit the society. A better solution to stop smoking is creating public awareness by advertising harmful effects of smoking.

METHODOLOGY

This prospective cross sectional study was done with 250 university students from July, 2015 to December, 2015. The investigation was carried out in some renowned university of Dhaka city. For the purpose of this study a standard questionnaire was formed to evaluate various parameters like socio-demographic data of participants, attitude towards smoking, reasons behind starting smoking, and harmful effects of smoking and possible measures to stop and prevent smoking. During interview several inclusion factors were considered which are given below:

  • Only university students participated

  • Both male and female participants 

  • University students who are living in Dhaka city

  • Both smokers and non-smokers

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Socio Demographic Data

In this survey it was clearly seen that most of the young people were cigarette smoker and we have found 62.80% smoker and 19.20% non-smoker among our survey population. It was also observed that most of the cigarette smokers were male (72.40%) and a few amount of cigarette smokers were female (8.80%). Among the smokers, maximum of our participants were living in hostel (58.06%) rather than with parents and other family members. In case of starting to smoke, we have found that 75.48% of smokers started to smoke in their college life. This survey found that smokers were more comfortable to smoke at local parks/reserves, university, sports field & outdoor seating areas of cafes.

Smoking Frequency

Smoker participants were asked about their smoking frequency. And our study has shown (table 1) that most of the cigarette smokers (33.99%) smoke 7-10 times per day which is very alarming.

Common attitudes towards smoking

In these survey we found (table 2) that smokers thought that they are popular, tough looking, grown up people due to their smoking habit. They also claimed that they find smoking enjoyable, relaxing and tension releasing matter.

 

Regulation of smoking

This survey asked people about regulation of smoking and people expressed their opinion based on standard questionnaire which is shown in table 3. Maximum of the participants (75.37%) agreed that anti-smoking information should be highlighted to the common people.

Knowledge of smoking related problems

This survey questioned about harmful effects of smoking. We found it astonishing that maximum of the participants were known to the harmful effects of smoking like, smoking causes cancer, damages lungs, create breathing problems and so on.

CONCLUSION

Smoking itself is like a disease to mankind due to its widespread harmful effects. In our study we found that people tend to smoke ignoring its harmful effects. It was shocking to see that majority of the participants in our study were smokers. Nowadays smokers are everywhere in all social classes and gender. To regulate smoking we need to establish smoke-free environment policies; increase the price of tobacco products; applying comprehensive laws to regulate and enforce bans on sales, purchases, and consumption of tobacco products by underage youth; and impose regulations on content, labeling, promotion, and advertising of tobacco products.  And it is also essential to target mass media campaigns to create massive awareness among children, young adults as well as parents to make a better world for humankind and for the environment too.

Conflict of Interests

None declared.

Financial Support:

None

Acknowledgment

The authors are thankful to Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Bangladesh, for technical support.

References:

1. McKee SA, Hinson R, Rounsaville D, Petrelli P, Survey of subjective effects of smoking while drinking among college students, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 2004;6(1):111-117.

2. Rigotti NA, Lee JE, Wechsler H, US college students’ use of tobacco products: Results of a national survey, The Journal of the American Medication Association, 2000; 284:699-705.

3. Thun MJ, Apicella LF, Henley SJ, Smoking vs. other risk factors as the cause of smoking-attributable deaths: confounding in the courtroom, Journal of the American Medical Association. 2000; 284:706-712.

4. Thun MJ, Heath CW Jr., Changes in mortality from smoking in two American Cancer Society prospective studies since 1959, Preventive Medicine, 1997; 26(4):422-426.

5. Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, Gray R, Sutherland I, Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years observations on male British doctors, British Medical Journal, 1994; 309:911-918.

6. Barendregt JJ, Bonneux L, van der Maas PJ, The health care costs of smoking. New England Journal of Medicine, 1997; 337:1052-1057.

7. Warner KE, Hodgson TA, Carroll CE, Medical costs of smoking in the United States: estimates, their validity and their implications, Tobacco Control, 1999;8: 290–300.

8. Frost PH, Davis BR, Burlando AJ, Curb JD, Guthrie GP, Isaacsohn JL, et al., Coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women aged 60 years: findings from the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program, Circulation, 1996; 94:26-34.

9. Yuan JM, Ross R, Wang XL, Gao YT, Henderson BE, Yu MC, Morbidity and mortality in relation to cigarette smoking in Shanghai, China: a prospective male cohort study, Journal of the American Medical Association, 1996; 275(21):1646-1650.

10. Cook NR, Evans DA, Scherr PA, Speizer FE, Vedal S, Branch LG, et al., Peak expiratory flow rate in an elderly population, American Journal of Epidemiology, 1989; 130(1):66-78.

11. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2011: warning about the dangers of tobacco. Geneva: WHO; 2011.

12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2006.

13. Wetter DW, Smith SS, Baker TB, Smoking outcome expectancies: Factor structure, predictive validity, and discriminant validity, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1994; 103, 801-811.

14. Chassin L, Presson CC, Sherman SJ, Edwards DA, Four pathways to young-adult smoking status: Adolescent social-psychological antecedents in a midwestern community sample, Health Psychology, 1991; 10 409-418.

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Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

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A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
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A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
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A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
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A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
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A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
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A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
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A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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