International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 8(15), August, 2016

Pages: 39-43

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A STUDY OF AN ANOMALOUS ORIGIN OF CYSTIC ARTERY AND ITS RELATION WITH CALOT'S TRIANGLE- CADAVERIC STUDY

Author: Kankhare Sonali B., Patil Anjali D., Kate Sarika P.

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Introduction: The Cystic artery is the main blood supply of cystic duct and gall bladder. If there is damage to the cystic artery during surgery may lead to serious complications, hence the origin and the course of cystic artery is important.
Objective: To evaluate the variations in origin of cystic artery, relation with the Calot's triangle, common hepatic duct and cystic duct.
Method: It is cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 2 years on 40 Indian formalin fixed cadavers from Departments of Anatomy.
Result: Out of 40 cadavers, cystic artery (CA) was found to be originating from the right hepatic artery in 28 cases (70%), from the left hepatic artery in 2 cases (5%), from gastro duodenal artery in 4 cases (10%), from proper hepatic artery in 3 cases (7.5%), from Superior mesenteric artery in 2 cases (5%), 1 case from right gastric artery (2.5%). It was found that in all cadavers cystic artery and cystic lymph node was found as a content of Calot's triangle. In 54 cases (90%) cystic arteries were posterior to common hepatic duct and in (10%) it was anterior to the common hepatic duct. In two cases (3.33%), cystic arteries were found anterior to the cystic duct. Superficial and deep branch of the cystic artery was found in one case.
Conclusion: Anatomical knowledge of cystic artery is necessary to prevent any iatrogenic complications during surgery.

Keywords: Cystic artery, Calot’s triangle, Hepatic duct

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
The chief source of blood supply to the gallbladder and the cystic duct is the cystic artery. Cystic artery commonly arises from the right hepatic artery in the angle between the common hepatic duct and cystic duct. Cystic artery may arise from left hepatic artery, the proper hepatic artery, the common hepatic artery, the gastro duodenal artery, the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and the superior mesenteric artery.1 The cystic artery after taking origin it passes through the Calot’s triangle in 75–80% cases. Calot’s triangle is a triangular space, bounded by the cystic duct, the common hepatic duct and inferior surface of the liver. The most important content of the triangle is the cystic artery and cystic lymph node.2 Knowledge of normal anatomy and its variations in the cystic artery and relation with common hepatic duct and cystic duct is important during excision of the gallbladder.3 When cystic artery is outside the Calot’s triangle and it crosses anterior to common hepatic duct it may create complications during surgery. Awareness of anatomical variations of the hepatobiliary arterial system is essential to avoid complication within that surgical field. Blood vessel damages during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including cystic artery hemorrhage or bile leakage results in open surgery in up to 1.9% of cases, 4 and causing mortality 0.02%. 5 Anatomical variations of the cystic artery and cystic duct are common and these variations have always attracted both the anatomists and surgeons.

METHOD
This is cross sectional study carried out on 40 embalmed cadavers of Indian origin over a period of 2 years in the department of anatomy. The study is approved by ethical committee. By using dissecting instruments (scissors, forceps, scalpel, etc) the abdomen was opened and then the fat in the liver, gall bladder and duodenum cleared .We defined the boundaries of Calot’s triangle then traced the origin and course of cystic artery and variations were noted. Statistical analysis done and percentage calculated. In this study we noted the following parameters,

1 Source of origin of the cystic artery.
2 Relations of the cystic artery to the Calot’s triangle (inside/outside).
3 Relations of the cystic artery to the cystic duct and common hepatic duct noted. (Anterior/ Posterior/ Not related).
4 Content of Calot’s triangle.

RESULT
A total of forty cadavers were observed to study anatomical variations. The Calot‘s triangle was bounded by the Common hepatic duct medially, cystic duct laterally and liver superiorly. 1. Variation in the origin of the cystic artery: Out of 40 cadavers, cystic artery (CA) was originating from the right hepatic artery in 28 cases (70%), from the left hepatic artery in 2 cases (5%), from gastro duodenal artery in 4 cases (10%), from proper hepatic artery in 3 cases (7.5%) , from Superior mesenteric artery in 2 cases (5%), 1 case from right gastric artery (2.5%). 2. Number of cystic artery and its branches: The single cystic artery was found in 39 cases. In one case, a branch of cystic artery (superficial and deep branch) was found. In one case, we observed double origin of cystic artery, one from right hepatic artery and other from proper hepatic artery. 3. Relation of the cystic artery to the Calot’s triangle: Cystic artery was found to be inside the Calot’s triangle in 38 cases (95%) while in 2 cases (5%) it was outside the Calot’s triangle (Fig. 2). 4. Relation of the cystic artery to the common hepatic duct: (Table: 1) 5. Relation of the cystic artery to the cystic duct: Out of 40 cadavers, cystic artery was found to be passing anterior to the cystic duct in 2 cases (5%) and in remaining cases it was not related to the cystic duct. 6. Content of calots triangle: In each case, we had noted the cystic lymph node as a content of calots triangle along with cystic artery.

DISCUSSION
The performance of a safe cholecystectomy depends on thorough knowledge about the normal anatomy and anatomical variations that may contribute to the occurrence of major postoperative complications. The famous triangle originally described by Calot’s in 1891.6 It contain the branch of right hepatic artery , the cystic artery, the cystic lymph node, connective tissue and lymphatic. During cholecystectomy this triangle is dissected to identify the cystic artery and cystic duct before ligation and division. The explanation for the variations in the cystic artery is found in the developmental pattern of the biliary system. Embryologically, the simple branching pattern of the gastro duodenal and hepatobiliary vasculature is profoundly altered by the growth of the liver and pancreas and by the assumption of a curved form in the stomach and duodenum. These factors operate to complicate the branching of the coeliac axis and proximal segment of the superior mesenteric artery. Considering that the liver is derived from a portion of the primitive duct supplied primordially by the coeliac and mesenteric arteries, it may receive rami from both of these sources. The same is true from the gallbladder. The liver and gallbladder develop from a foregut endodermal hepatic diverticulum, which usually carries a rich supply of vessels from the abdominal aorta and its initial branches. Most of the vessels picked up from the abdominal aorta during development degenerate leaving in place the mature vascular system. Because the pattern of degeneration is highly variable, the origin and branching pattern of the vessels to these organs also vary considerably.7 Considering the complexity of this developmental scheme it is easy to understand the large degree of arterial variations within this vascular system.8 Knowledge of the different anatomical variations of the arterial supply of the gallbladder, liver and stomach is of great importance in hepatobiliary and gastric surgical procedures.9

In the present study cystic artery was found to be originating from the right hepatic artery in 28 cases (70%), from the left hepatic artery 2 cases (5%), proper hepatic artery 3 cases (7.5%) and gastro duodenal artery in 4 case (10%) and superior mesenteric artery 2 cases (5%), right gastric artery in one case (2.5%). Findings of the present study were compared with values given by other co-worker, (Table: 2) In our study we found that single cystic artery in 39 cases and double cystic artery in one case. Similarly, double cystic artery was found by Balija13 in 21.1% cases and by Suzuki14 in 11.1% cases. Bincy M. George et al15 reported a case of double cystic artery and both arteries arose from the hepatic artery proper. In our study in one cadaver we noted that the superficial and deep branches of cystic artery in Calot’s triangle, and similar findings by Khalilur Rahman.16

Saidi et al17 in 102 Nairobian liver dissections, found double cystic artery in 8 cases (7.8%) and Futara et al.18 reported a frequency of 10 % in Ethiopians. Loukas et al19 described double cystic arteries arising from both the right hepatic artery and the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery coexisting with an accessory left hepatic artery arising from a left gastric artery. But in our study we found out double origin of cystic artery one from right hepatic artery and other from proper hepatic artery. Comparison of presence of cystic artery within or outside the Calot’s triangle by other authors; (Table: 3) Variation in relation of cystic artery anterior or posterior to common hepatic duct (Table: 4) In our study we found that anterior relation of cystic artery to cystic duct in 2 cases (5 %), Flinsky10 found anterior relation to cystic duct in 2.94% and by Desler et al8 1%,Gawali et al12 (10%). In every cases there is a lymph node termed as Calot’s node was found in the Calot’s triangle. Lymph node was also found by Sujuki14. Hemorrhage and bile leakage are the most common causes for conversion of laparoscopic to open surgery and usually occur due to variation of structures of the hepatobiliary triangle.21

CONCLUSION
The success of laparoscopic, open cholecystectomy and other procedures are depending upon the anatomical knowledge of cystic artery and billiary duct system and it is necessary to prevent any iatrogenic complications during surgery

References:

1. Strandring S, (Ed). Gray’sAnatomy. The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 40th edition. Elsevier Chuchill Livingstone. Edinburg, 2008: 1218-1219.

2. Chen TH, Shyu JF, Chen CH, Ma KH, Wu CW, Lui WY, et al. Variations of the cystic artery in Chinese adults. Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy and Percutaneous Techniques. 2000; 10(3):154-157.

3. Nagral S. Anatomy relevant to cholecystectomy. J Min Access Surg 2005; 1(2):53-8.

4. Thompson JE Jr, Bock R, Lowe DK, Moody WE 3rd. Vena cava injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc 1996;6: 221-223

5. Deziel DJ, Millikan KW, Economou SG, Doolas A, Ko ST, Airan MC. Complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a national survey of 4,292 hospitals and an analysis of 77,604 cases. Am J Surg 1993; 165: 9-14.

6. Haubrich, W S 2002, Calot of the triangle of Calot, Gastroenterology, 2000; 123(5): 144.

7. Hiatt JR, Gabbay J, Busuttil RW. Surgical anatomy of the hepatic arteries in 1000 cases. Ann Surg 1994; 220:50-2

8. Daseler EH et al. The cystic artery and constituents of the hepatic pedicle. A study of 580 specimens. Surgery, gynecology and obstetrics, 1947; 85:47–63.

9. Flint ER. Abnormalities of the right hepatic, cystic and gastroduodenal arteries and of the bile ducts. Br J Surg. 1923; 10: 509–519.

10. Flisinski P, Szpinda M, Flisinski M. The cystic artery in human foetuses. Folia morphologica 2004;63(1):47-50.

11. Michels NA. Variational anatomy of the hepatic, cystic, and retroduodenal arteries. Am. Med. Assoc 1953b; 66: 20-34.

12. Gawali Rohan A., A study on variations of origin and course of cystic artery and its relation to the calot’s triangle Int J Med Phar Sci | Vol 5; Issue 3; October 2014

13. Balija, M, Huis, M, Nikolic, V, and Stulhofer, M, Laparoscopic visualization of the cystic artery anatomy, World J Surg, 1999; 23(7): 703-07

14. Suzuki.M, Akaishi.S,. Rikiyama.T, Naitoh.T, Rahman.M, Matsuno. S. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Calot’s triangle, and variations in cystic arterial supply. Journal Surgical Endoscopy. NewYork. Springer. 2000 February; 14(2): 141-44.

15. Bincy M. George, Somayaji SM. Multiple variations of the subhepatic hepatobiliary variations. International Journal of Anatomical Variations 2010; 3: 39- 40.

16. Khalilur Rahman MD1, Selina Anwar Presence of Cystic Artery in the Calot’s Triangle and Its Relation with Common Hepatic Duct – a Postmortem Study, Bangladesh J. Anat. 2012; 10(2) : 50-56

17. Saidi H, Karanja TM, Ogengo JA. Variant anatomy of the cystic artery in adult Kenyans. Clin Anat 2007;20:943-5.

18. Futara G, Ali A, Kinfu Y. Variations of the hepatic and cystic arteries among Ethiopians. Ethiop Med J 2001;39: 133– 142.

19. Loukas M, Fergurson A, Louis RG Jr, Colborn GL. Multiple variations of the hepatobiliary vasculature including double cystic arteries, accessory left hepatic artery and hepatosplenic trunk: a case report. Surg Radiol Anat 2006;28:525-8.

20. De Silva M, Fernando D. Anatomy of the Calot’s triangle and its relevance to laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ceylon medical journal, 2001; 46(1):33–4.

21. Kano N, Yamakawa T, Ishikawa Y, Sakai S, Honda H, Kasugai H, et al. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a report of 409 consecutive cases and its future outlook. Surgery Today. 1994; 24(5):399-402.

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One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
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A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
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A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
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A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
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A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
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A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
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A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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