International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 8(16), August, 2016

Pages: 01-04

Date of Publication: 22-Aug-2016


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HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA TREATMENT; NONSURGICAL APPROACHES

Author: Mohammed Alnaggar

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the common cancers with high incidence and poor prognosis. PLC has become one of the major diseases that causes serious harm to human health and life. In recent years, domestic and foreign researchers have studied and summarized the current status of primary liver cancer treatment, and have made great progress as well. Significant progress in terms of early diagnosis, surgical treatment, and comprehensive treatment of liver cancer results in improvement in patient's quality of life. So far, there are many available methods that can be used to improve the quality of life in these patients, but still there are many issues that need to be addressed intensively. The progress in the study of liver cancer may bring about a new hope for the treatment of liver cancer.
Non-surgical treatment plays an important role in the treatment of primary liver cancer, which includes transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, percutaneous ablation therapy, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, etc

Keywords: Primary liver cancer; Non-surgical treatments progress, Quality of life

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION 1.
Percutaneous ablation therapy
Percutaneous ablation is a curable treatment option for small tumors, which can be used for 1. tumors with diameters less than 5 cm; 2. The number of single HCC tumors is less than three ; 3. the diameter of a single tumor is less than 3 cm in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Tumor recurrence and survival rate after ablation is almost the same as surgical resection of the tumor which is 2cm, Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is more effective than PEIT, which can kill tumor cells by generating heat conducted by electrode alternating current [8-9]. Complete tumor destruction caused by RFA treatment is difficult to achieve especially for those tumors which are close to large vessels, sub-capsular or gallbladder, therefore orthotropic recurrence rate of tumor is higher. therefore, the insufficiency of RFA can be avoided by binding it to PEIT, resulting in complete tumor destruction. The radiofrequency treatment for tumors on the first hilar region should be done carefully to avoid damage to the bile duct. Uehara et al [10] pointed that the damage can be reduced by the formation of ascites because it can increase the gap between diaphragm and abdominal wall. Because of similar indications of RFA and PEIT, Seror ea al [11] compared the differences in efficacy between RFA and PEIT, and found that 2-year overall survival rates were 91.2% and 70.8%, tumor-free survival rate were 80.7% and 68.5%, and complication rate were 15% and 6.9% respectively. Few other researches [12] showed that, the efficacy of RFA is superior to laser treatment. The use of microwave thermal effects can cause coagulative necrosis of tumor. The effect of microwave coagulation therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma is good. the time interval between each therapy is shorter which means more frequent treatment regimens [13], tumors less than 3 cm in diameter, can be treated by a multi-multi-point needle and other combined ways to improve the efficacy of radiation. Seki et al [14] presented the data of 68 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma which shows that microwave treatment can be carried out laparoscopically for small tumors near the surface of the liver. The results indicated that 1, 3 and 5-year survival rates were 97%, 81% and 43% respectively. Besides, the incidence of complications is lower. Cryosurgery – The needles are introduced into the tumor to freeze and kill the tumor cells. The temperature of superconducting tip can be reduced to -140°C in a few minutes when the argon gas released in high pressure and normal temperature. With the release of helium, the temperature can increase to 45°C. Argon-helium refrigeration has higher efficiency and more reliable efficacy compared with the traditional technique with frozen liquid nitrogen. Other percutaneous ablation therapies include percutaneous laser hyperthermia in the tumor and high-intensity focused ultrasound et al?. Multi-point fiber laser treatment has a freezing range that can be extended under the guidance of ultrasound. Laser hyperthermia also has a hemostatic effect that can stimulate the body’s immune function to kill tumors. However, currently reports have showed that multiple laser hyperthermia can be used in the treatment of multiple primary liver cancer with diameter <2 cm. High intensity focused ultrasound therapy focuses on the tumor in the liver, produces direct heat to kill tumor cells with short wave length of high-intensity ultrasound and to penetrate tissue. (However, because of the small high-intensity focused ultrasound focus area, repeated several times to operate in the treatment of tumors, absorption and reflection effects by the ribs and hollow organs of the ultrasound generated, so high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy has limiting applications.)

2. Embolization therapy
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered to be one kind of non-surgical treatment of primary liver cancer for further development in the international context after the reports about the TACE treatment on the liver cancer by Goldstain et al [15]. The definition of TACE indications made by Chinese Society of Surgery - Liver Surgery Group as follows: (1) Liver function belonging to class A or B; (2) Can not be treated with surgery; (3) Tumor recurrence after hepatectomy. In principle, resectable liver cancer does not need interventional radiology treatment before surgery. After repeated TACE (usually 2 to 4 times) treatment, some liver cancer patients’ tumors can be significantly reduced, so that they can receive non-surgical treatment, especially on the right lobe or multiple lesions. It also seizes the chance to win the radical surgery and avoid possible liver atrophy, severe decompensated liver function and other complications as well. Vogl TJ et al [16] reported that TACE can be used as one kind of preventive treatment after primary liver resection to remove residual postoperative liver tumor cells; It is not fully adapted to portal vein thrombosis, tumor volume not exceeding 70% of the whole liver, tumor remission pain caused by palliative control bleeding, and arteriovenous fistula. TACE is an important supplementary treatment to liver cancer resection and an effective treatment in the second phase of surgery for liver cancer patients. But TACE PVTT shows poor efficacy of multiple lesions distant metastases and cannot achieve satisfactory clinical effects. Therefore, it is necessary to combine TACE with surgical resection, biological therapy, Chinese medicine, etc. to eliminate tumor cells, block tumors and prolong survival time, reduce the relapse rate and achieve the purpose of long-term prevention or even cure.

1.3 Radiotherapy and chemotherapy
The current mainstream of liver cancer radiotherapy includes three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy, normal tissue complication probability (NTCP), tumor control probability (TCP). Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy when carried out, improve safety of target radiation dose (the maximum can be increased to 90Gy). Data [17] showed that threedimensional conformal radiation therapy could improve the interventional treatment of inoperable liver cancers and assures median survival time. For patients, who can be treated with surgery, surgical treatment should be preferred. However, in clinical work, when 80% of primary liver cancer patients are diagnosed, they have already had intrahepatic and distant metastasis or severe cirrhosis of liver, who have lost the chance to do surgery at that time. Systemic chemotherapy, including non-surgical therapy can improve patient’s quality of life or prolong survival time. Because of its side effects, the results are not satisfactory. The clinical application currently is limited to local chemotherapy, which include transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), surgical hepatic artery catheter (HAI) and / or portal vein catheterization (PVI) chemotherapy, intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Single-agent chemotherapy includes an anthracycline antitumor drugs, fluorouracil, camptothecin, cisplatin gemcitabine etc. However, the effect is not so good, but side effects do not advocate a separate application. Currently chemotherapy regimens such as joint programs with ADM (E-ADM) and / or PDD-based; E-ADM, PDD and 5 - ECF program consisting FU; L-OHPbased joint program such as XELOX regimen [18] and GDMOX program [19].

DISCUSSION
Among all kinds of cancers, liver cancer is a malignant disease that is difficult to treat with short survival time and high mortality. Improvement in the efficacy of liver cancer treatment relies on improvement of the basic and clinical researches, which include further understanding of the onset and development of liver cancer, individual and environmental factors, mechanism of action, mechanism of metastasis and recurrence after surgical resection of liver cancer as well as signaling mechanism such as specific antigen and genes etc. thus obtaining specific interventional means of tumor formation and growth. Another area, which required more attention is the issue related to pre-cancerous lesions. To define pre-cancerous lesions based on molecular biology and explore methods of inhibiting further development of precancerous lesions, which can greatly improve the effects, in other words prevent cancer occurrence. Clinically, we should adhere to the principle of early detection and early treatment; surgery shall be the preferred treatment. To discuss surgerycentered comprehensive treatment, interventional radiology and ultrasound intervention treatment after surgery to improve disease-free survival rate; emphasis on the value of minimally invasive treatment, new methods and techniques of localized treatment, and expecting new discoveries in radiation therapy, biological therapy, physical therapy and traditional Chinese medicine therapy etc. what’s more, it is necessary to synthesize and optimize the various existing methods to make an optional treatment program that is suitable for different individuals.

CONCLUSION
“Shrinking large liver tumor to smaller one” and “anti-recurrence” shall be set as the main research directions. Liver transplantation for early liver cancer should also be actively open to try. People’s awareness of health care and anti-hepatitis shall be strengthened.

Conflict of interest
The authors certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Source of funding
Government organization support

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

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Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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