International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 4(6), March, 2012

Pages: 161-165

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FREE RADICALS STATUS IN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDER- A LITERATURE REVIEW

Author: B. Saravanan, R.Devaki Vijayalakshmi, S.Karthik, P.Jayamathi

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributing to oxidative stress, significantly influences many diseases including temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder. Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) is an inflammatory disease which emphasizes that mechanical stresses lead to the oxidative stress of articular tissues. But, studies on the defense mechanism against oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of TMJD have received little attention. Hence, we made a novel attempt to review the pathogenesis of TMJD to explore the possible role of ROS in the degenerative TMJ disease.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a synovial joint located between the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone and the condylar process of the mandible with an articular disk interposed between them. Deviations in this intimate relationship between the bony surfaces and the articular-disc often leads to disorders of the TMJ. TMJ disorders are a heterogeneous collection of signs and symptoms that can be generally characterized by the presence of pain, temporomandibular joint noise and limitation of jaw movement1 . Studies suggest that upto 70% of patients seeking treatment for TMJ disorder have articular disk displacement leading to degenerative changes in the TMJ. Clinical management of these patients depends upon whether the disease process is self- limiting or not. Therefore it is necessary to differentiate an adaptive state from a disease process before a therapeutic measure is instituted; as only an astute discernment of the underlying molecular changes encompassing a degenerative event in the TMJ can provide a beneficial and comprehensive structure to the interventional regimen planned for the patient.

Pathogenesis of Temporomandibular joint disorder
Few studies carried out in the molecular mechanisms involved in degenerative TMJD, suggests that mechanical stresses lead to the oxidative stress of articular tissues. Milam 2 showed various models of degenerative TMJ disease and postulated that excessive mechanical stress could be of a magnitude sufficient to damage tissues directly or indirectly, triggering a cascade of molecular events leading to disease in susceptible individuals. These events involve the production or release of various kinds of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, cytokines, various other inflammatory mediators, and collagen degrading enzymes. Under normal circumstances, these molecules may be involved in the remodeling of articular tissues in response to changing functional demands. However, if functional demands exceed the adaptive capacity of the TMJ or if the affected individual is susceptible to maladaptive responses, then a disease state will ensue. Though the pathophysiology of TMJ syndrome is not entirely understood, it is believed that the etiology of TMJ dysfunction syndrome is likely to be multifactorial and arises from both local insults and systemic disorders. Local problems frequently arise from articular disc displacement and hereditary conditions affecting the structures of the joint itself, such as hypoplastic mandibular condyles. Endothelial cells and synovial cells in the TMJ when subjected to mechanical stress promotes oxidative stress of articular tissues 3 . In normal, healthy individuals, the metabolic process results in balanced levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. If the normal oxidant/antioxidant balance is disturbed, it can result in a proliferation of free radicals. Recent scientific research have shown that oxidative stress not only aggravates the inflammation in oral tissues, but also is a contributing factor to systemic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease 4 . Hyaluronic acid forms the central axis of proteoglycans and it maintains the viscosity of synovial fluid within joints. Following exposure to free radical systems, this polymer fragments (Hyaluronic acid) 5 leads to destabilization of connective tissues and loss of synovial fluid viscosity. A number of natural defense mechanisms exist for limiting oxidative damage 6 . In TMJ diseases, it has been suggested that ROS alter the molecular configuration of hyaluronic acid, and also produces degradation of collagen and proteoglycans of the articular cartilage 7and8 .

Role of free radicals
Free radicals play a vital role in the pathogenesis of degenerative joint diseases 2 . Although oxygen free radicals participate in many physiological processes, they can be harmful to tissues when their action is left uncontrolled. Both cellular and extracellular molecules may be destroyed 9 . A susceptible site for peroxidation is cellular membrane which leads to increased production of lipid peroxides an indicator of inflammation. Cai et al 9 measured the activity of oxygen free radicals in the synovial fluid (SF) of the TMJD patients and observed that the concentration of lipid peroxides were significantly higher in the TMDJ patients than in the normal control subjects. The pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokine, IL-l (Interleukin -1), affects various cells in TMJ compartments, thereby inducing inflammation 10 , activation of collagen- as well as proteoglycan degrading enzymes, followed by the inflammatory process, causing deleterious effects in the TMJ . 11 Currently, the importance of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as causative agents of inflammation has been recognized 12 . Previous studies have shown that superoxide is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue injury 13 , 1 4 . Superoxide can degrade synovial fluid and collagen, depolymerize hyaluronic acid and convert arachidonic acid, a membrane lipid into biologically active mediator, which results in further tissue injury 14. Nitric oxide, which is an endotheliumderived factor, regulates blood pressure, vascular tone, neural signaling and immunological functions. It may function as a inflammatory mediator in the TMJ region. Recently, increased nitric oxide production has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of synovitis in the TMJ. Nitric oxide concentration in TMJ fluid is closely associated with inflammatory changes and painful TMJ. 15

Antioxidant system
The antioxidant mechanisms are the evolutionary designs that avidly react and annihilate ROS before they inflict oxidative damage to tissues and cells 16 . ROS can cause DNA and protein damage, initiate lipid peroxidation, oxidize α1- antitrypsin and stimulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines 16 . Milam et al 3 reported that free radicals in normal TMJs might not cause TMJ disease if endogenous free radical scavenging mechanisms (antioxidant enzymes) prevent their accumulation. However, if the scavenging capacity of affected articular tissues is exceeded by an overwhelming production of free radicals, significant tissue damage could occur. Nitzan et al 17 reported that TMJ with oxidative stress may indicate increased exposure to free radicals and a decrease in antioxidant potential capacity of the system, or a combination in synovial fluid.

This insufficient scavenging activity leaves free radicals to cause further damage and prevent the re-establishment of a normal lubrication system in various joint components. Antioxidants available in supplement form include the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase, vitamin A, beta-carotene, and vitamins C and E, and the trace mineral selenium 18 . SOD can protect the joint against the toxic effect of the superoxide radical by catalyzing its dismutation to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Sumii et al 19 reported that SOD activity in the SF from patients with rheumatoid arthritis was higher than that of the normal group. This result may imply that inflammation exaggerates the SOD synthesis as a defense mechanism against overwhelming superoxide radicals.

Lin et al 20 have provided preliminary evidence that SOD is effective at reducing symptoms in patients with TMJ disorders who had not previously responded to exhaustive trials of conventional therapy. SOD helps to protect the cells from the damage of free radicals, and revitalizes the cells 21 . It has been reported that SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in erythrocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were scored much lower than those from patients with osteoarthritis, suggesting that the erythrocytes in rheumatoid arthritis patients might be more susceptible to ROS damage 22 . Guven et al 23 studied the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the synovial fluid of patients with TMJD, measured the relationship between the activity of SOD and the severity of the disease, and concluded that the reduction of SOD activity may result from insufficient scavenging capacity of free radicals 23 . However, SOD activity in SF does not differ between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, though it is higher than that of the normal group 19 . Cai et al 9 measured the activity of oxygen free radicals and the level of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the synovial fluid (SF) of TMJD patients found that the levels of SOD activity were significantly higher in the TMJD patients than in the normal control subjects.

CONCLUSION
Studies on the defense mechanism against oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of TMJ disorders have received little attention.Further investigations and studies are required to determine the role of antioxidants that scavenge the free radicals in TMJ disorders. This might also offer a potential for the development of new treatment regimen, including application of metal chelaters and radical scavengers specific for the pathophysiology of TMJD. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author is grateful to authors / editors / publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed.

References:

1. Fonseca RJ, Oral Maxillofacial surgery Temporomandibular disorders,2000; 4: pp94

2. Milam SB. Pathogenesis of degenerative temporomandibular joint arthritides. Odontol 2005; 93:7–15

3. Milam SB, Schmitz JP. Molecular biology of temporomandibular joint disorders: proposed mechanisms of disease. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1995; 53:1448-1454.

4. Jayamathi Govindaraj and Pamela Emmadi and Rengarajulu Puvanakrishnan Therapeutic effects of proanthocyanidins on the pathogenesis of periodontitis— An overview Indian J Exp Biol, 2011; 49:83-93

5. Greenwald RA and Moy WN, Effect of oxygen derived free radicals on hyaluronic acid, Arth Rheum 1980; 23: 455.

6. Chapple ILC and Matthews JB, The role of reactive oxygen and antioxidant species in periodontal tissue destruction, Periodontol 2000, 2007;43:160

7. Burkhardt H, Schwingel M, Menninger H, Macartney HW, Tschesche. H Oxygen radicals as effectors of cartilage destruction.Direct degradative effect on matrix components and indirect action via activation of latent collagenase from polymorphonuclearleukocytes. Arthritis Rheum 1986; 29:379-387.

8. Roberts CR, Roughley PJ, Mort JS Degradation of human proteoglycan aggregate induced by hydrogen peroxide. Protein fragmentation, amino acid modification and hya luronic acid cleavage. Biochem J. 1989; 259:805- 811.

9. Cai HX, Luo JM, Long X, Li XD, Cheng YFree-radical oxidation and superoxide dismutase activity in synovial fluid of patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Oro fac Pain. 2006; 20(1):53

10. Carleson J, Alstergren P, Appelgren A, Appelgren B, Kopp S,Theodorsson E, et al. A model for the study of experimentally induced temporomandibular arthritis in rats: the effect of human recombinant interleukin-1 alpha on neuropeptidelike immunoreactivity. J Orofac Pain 1996; 10:9-14.

11. Kubota E, Kubota T, Matsumoto J, Shibata T, Murakami Kl Synovial fluid cytokines and proteinases as markers of temporomandibular joint disease. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998; 56:192- 198.

12. Klebanoff SJ: Phagocytic cells: Products of oxygen metabolism, in Basic Principles and Clinical Correlates. New York, NY, Raven Press, 1988, p 391

13. Foshi D, Trabucchi E, Musazzi M, et al: The effect of oxygen free radicals on wound healing. Int J Tissue React. 1988; 6:373.

14. Lynch R, Fridovich I: Effect of superoxide radicals on the erytrocyte membrane. J Biol Chem 1978; 253:1838.

15. Suenaga S, Abeyama K, Hamasaki A, Mimura T and Noikura T.Temporomandibular disorders: relationship between joint pain and effusion and nitric oxide concentration in the joint fluid. Dento maxillofacial Radiol 2001; 30, 214 – 218

16. Protective effects of proanthocyanidin on endotoxin induced experimental periodontitis in rats. Jayamathi Govindaraj, Pamela Emmadi, Deepalakshmi. Vijayalakshmi Rajaram, Geetha Prakash and Rengarajulu Puvanakrishnan Indian J Exp Biol 2010;48:133- 142

17. Nitzan DW, Goldfarb A, Gati I, et al: Changes in the reducing power of synovial fluid from temporomandibular joints with anchored disc. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002; 60:735

18. Halliwell B: How to characterize a biological antioxidant. Free Radical Res Commun 1990; 9:1.

19. Sumii H, Inoue H, Onoue J, Mori A, Oda T, Tsubokura T Superoxide dismutase activity in arthropathy: its role and measurement in the joints. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1996; 45:51-55.

20. Lin Y, Pape HD, Friedrich R: Use of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction- A preliminary study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1994 ; 23:428

21. Null G: Superoxide dismutase, in The Clinician‘s Handbook of Natural Healing. Kensington Books, New York, 1997, p 137

22. Imadaya A, Terasawa K, Tosa H, Okamoto M, Toriizuka K Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes are reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1988;15:1628-1631

23. Guven O, Tekin US, Durak I, Keller EE, and Hatipoglu M, Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Synovial Fluids in Patients With Temporomandibular Joint Internal Derangement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65:1940-1943

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One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


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A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
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A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
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A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
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A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
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A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
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A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
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A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
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A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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