International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
logo
slider
slider
slider
slider
Bootstrap Slider

Indexed and Abstracted in: Crossref, CAS Abstracts, Publons, Google Scholar, Open J-Gate, ROAD, Indian Citation Index (ICI), ResearchGATE, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, WorldCat (World's largest network of library content and services)

Search Articles

Track manuscript

Full Html

IJCRR - 4(16), August, 2012

Pages: 108-115

Print Article   Download XML  Download PDF

STUDY OF SERUM ADENOSINE DEAMINASE AS AN EFFECTOR OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2

Author: B. Sree Hari Babu, D.Lakshmi Lalitha, P.K Behera, D.S.S.K Raju

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common disorder characterized by metabolic abnormalities and long term complications. Hyperglycemia is considered a primary cause of diabetic vascular complications and is associated with oxidative stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of hyperglycemia in generating oxidative stress if any, in DM Type 2. The study was carried out in 55 patients of DM Type 2 and also in 50 healthy controls. The patients were divided into two groups Group I (n=35) comprising patients of DM Type 2 with out complications and Group II (n=21) comprising patients of DM Type 2 with complications. Various parameters like Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity which is found to be a marker of abnormal lymphocyte response and a producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a parameter to study increased oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity which is an indicator of antioxidant status were taken into consideration to establish the existence of oxidative stress in DM Type 2. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was also assessed to determine the status of diabetic control. The parameters like HbA1c, serum ADA and serum MDA were significantly raised in DM Type 2 cases (both Group I and Group II) when compared to controls. Likewise the mean serum SOD was significantly lower in DM Type 2 patients (both Group I and Group II) as compared to Control group. When the levels of HbA1c, serum ADA and serum MDA in Group II patients of DM Type 2 when compared with those of Group I patients of DM Type 2, they were significantly increased. Likewise the serum SOD in Group II patients of DM Type 2 registered a significant decline as compared to Group I patients of DM Type 2. These alterations in DM Type 2 especially in Group II are ascribed to increased glycation, T-lymphocyte response, oxidative stress and limited defense against the radicals ,which act as harbinger of various metabolic complications.

Keywords: HbA1c; ADA; MDA; SOD; Oxidative stress; Lipid Peroxidation.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterised by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. DM Type 2 is a heterogenous group of disorders characterised by variable degrees of insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion contributing to hyperglycemia. The metabolic dysregulation associated with DM causes secondary pathophysiological changes in multiple organ systems that impose a tremendous burden on individual. It is the leading cause of end stage renal disease, non traumatic lower extremity amputation and adult blindness.With an increasing incidence world wide, DM is likely to continue to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The identification of distinct pathogenic processes in DM Type 2 has important potential therapeutic implications. Hyperglycemia, which is due to insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and increased glucose production resulting from environmental and genetic factors acting together is considered as the diagnostic parameter1 . The long term control of DM is judged by levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of hyperglycemia in generating oxidative stress, if any, in Type 2 DM. To this effect, various parametes like Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) activity which is found to be a marker of abnormal lymphocyte response and a producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Malondialdehyde (MDA) which is a parameter to study increased oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity which is an indicator of antioxidant status were taken into consideration, to establish the existence of oxidative stress in DM Type 2.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study comprised of 55 patients between age groups 45-65 years of both sexes of DM Type 2 reporting to MIMS, Nellimarla, Vizianagaram for treatment.The patients were divided into Group I (DM Type 2 without complications) and Group II (DM Type 2 with complications). The criteria for the diagnosis of DM were the same as the one which was given by the National Diabetes Data Group 1999. 50 healthy subjects of similar age, sex and socioeconomic status served as controls.The controls were free from any major ailment which could alter the parameters under study. Informed consent was taken from the patients and subjects who participated in the present study. Institutional ethical committee approval has also been obtained. Blood was drawn in the fasting state for Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) in the fluoridated vial. For HbA1c estimation, the sample was collected in heparinized vial.The samples were collected in plain vials for the estimation of serum ADA, MDA and SOD.Sera were separated from samples and analysis was done. FBS was estimated by GOD-POD method (Trinder 1969)2 .HbA1c was estimated by the method of Trivelli et al 19793 .ADA was estimated by the method of Giusti 19844 .MDA was measured by colorimetric assay with 2- thiobarbituric acid by the method of Satoh 19785 . SOD was estimated by the method of Kakkar et al 19846 .


DISCUSSION

The diagnosis of DM in the present study was based on criteria issued by consensus panel of experts from National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) 19797 and World Health Organisation (WHO) 19808 , According to these criteria, DM was diagnosed on the basis of the fasting plasma glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl and symptoms of diabetes. The classic symptoms of DM include polyuria, polydypsia, polyphagia and unexplained weight loss. The principal complications associated with DM are retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, angiopathy, susceptibility to infection, dyslipidemia, ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non ketotic coma. It is observed that in the present study the mean fasting plasma glucose level was significantly raised in both Group I without complications(166.4mg/dl±16.63) and Group II with complications (202.5 mg/dl±20.3) as compared to Control Group(82.86 mg/dl ±11.59). This rise is statistically significant (p<0.001; Table 1&2). The mean values of FBS in both the groups confirmed to the criteria laid down by WHO for diagnosis of DM. The comparison of plasma FBS between Group I and Group II (Table 3) established a higher level in the later and the increase was statistically significant (p< 0.001). Hyperglycemia is due to insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion and increased glucose production resulting from environmental and genetic factors in DM Type2. The long term control of DM is judged by levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Glucose reacts spontaneously and non- enzymatically with free amino groups on hemoglobin (Hb) to form covalent glycated hemoglobin. The extent of glycation depends on the average blood glucose to which hemoglobin is exposed and on the half life of hemoglobin. Several glycated derivatives of hemoglobin exist, derived from the reaction of Hb with glucose, glucose6phosphate etc. These are collectively known as HbA1. The principal constituent of HbA1 is the one formed with glucose itself, termed as HbA1c, which normally comprises about 5% of circulating hemoglobin (Becket et al 2006)9 . It is observed that in the present study the mean Hb A1c level was significantly raised in both Group I (8.10%±0.5) and Group II (9.03%±0.43) as compared to Control Group (5.08%±0.43) This rise is statistically significant (p<0.001;Table 1&2 ). The mean values of HbA1c in both the groups exceeded 5%. HbA1c once formed stays within the red cell for its life time. Since half life of the red cell is 60 days, HbA1c value reflects the average level of blood glucose over the previous 1-2 months. The comparision of HbA1c between Group I and Group II (Table 3) established a higher level in the later and the increase is statistically significant (p< 0.001) indicating poor diabetic control responsible for the incidence of micro and macro vascular complications. ADA is an enzyme of purine metabolism. It acts on adenosine and other adenosine nucleoside analogues. It plays a crucial role in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation (Hovi 1976)10, and shows highest activity in Tlymphocytes (Sullivan 1977)11. It is an enzyme distributed in the human tissues and was considered as a good marker of cell mediated immunity (Baghanha 1990)12 . It is observed that in the present study the mean serum ADA is significantly increased in both Group I (26.91 U/L ±4.20) and Group II (37.80 U/L ±6.07) as compared to Control Group (16.32 U/L±1.71). This increase is statistically significant ( p<0.001 ;Table 5) . Hoshino et al 199413 , Kurthul et al 200414, Prakash et al 2006 15 and Mokthari et al 2010 16 reported in their study an increased level of serum ADA associated with hyperglycemia in DM Type2.High serum ADA activity in DM Type2 might be due to abnormal T-lymphocyte responses or proliferation and its release into circulation which depends on altered insulin levels (Shivaprakash et al 2006)15. This increased level of ADA in diabetic patients could result in increased hypoxanthine which oxidizes into xanthine and uric acid by xanthine oxidase and concomitant generation of free radicals (Siddiqi et al 2011)17. The comparision of serum ADA between Group I and Group II (Table 6) established a higher level in the later and the increase is statistically significant (p< 0.001) indicating an increased T-lymphocyte proliferation and free radical production in DM Type 2 with complications. It is observed that in the present study the mean serum MDA was significantly increased in Group I (5.75 n mol/ml±.0.32) and Group II (6.50 n mol/ ml ± 0.71) ) when compared to Control Group (3.20 n mol/ ml ±0.63). This increase is statistically significant (p < 0.001; Table 4, 5). The various mechanisms included in the increase of serum MDA in DM Type 2 include: a) Chronic Hyperglycemic status in Diabetes mellitus Type 2 favours auto oxidation of glucose which is subjected to enediol rearrangements that result in the formation of an enediol radical anion. (Githanjali et al2010)18 . b) Chronic Hyperglycemic status in Diabetes mellitus Type 2 also favours non enzymatic glycation reaction thereby leading to advanced glycosylation end products (AGE). Glycation of proteins can lead to direct release of O2 - (superoxide radical) and hydrogen peroxide through specialized receptors for AGE (Abuja and Albertini 2001)19 . c) Increased level of serum ADA in diabetic patients could result in increased hypoxanthine which oxidizes to xanthine and uric acid and accompanying generation of free radicals. (Siddiqi et al 2011)17 . The free radicals generated by above reactions are exteremely reactive.When a free radical reacts with a normal compound; other free radicals are generated through propagation phase. Peroxidation of poly unsaturated fattyacids in plasma membrane by free radicals leads to loss of membrane functions.Lipid peroxidation and consequent degradation products such as malondialdehyde are seen in biological fluids (Vasudevan 2011)20. The comparison of MDA between Group I and Group II (Table 6) established a higher level in the later and the increase is statistically significant (p< 0.001) indicating more lipid damages leading to the destruction of fine architecture and integrity of the membranes responsible for its complications. SOD is an enzyme that repairs cells and reduces the damage done to them by free radicals by its antioxidant properties.It is observed that in the present study the mean serum SOD is significantly decreased in Group I (5.27 U/ml ±0.93) and Group II (4.44 U/ml ±1.04) when compared to Control Group (9.07 U/ml ±1.58). This decrease is statistically significant (p < 0.001; Table 4, 5).It has been reported that diabetic patients have significant defects of antioxidant protection (Aria et al 1989, Lin 1996 and Zbronska et al 1995) as manifested by a decrease in serum SOD. This decrease can be explained as follows: a) The decrease of superoxide dismutase activity might be due to the increase of glycosylated SOD that leads to the inactivation this enzyme (Aria et al 1989)21 b) The SOD activity is further decreased due to loss of its cofactors Zn2+ and Cu2+ in DM Type 2 (Lin 1996, Zbronska et al 1995) 22 ,23 . The comparison of SOD between Group I and Group II (Table 6) established a lower level in the later and the decrease is statistically significant (p< 0.05) indicating lowered antioxidant status in DM Type 2 with complications.

CONCLUSION
In the present study, it has been established that the various complications in DM Type 2 may be linked to the alteration in two of the biochemical parameters: HbA1c.and free radical generation. Statistically significant increase in HbA1c in complicated DM Type 2 in comparison to uncomplicated DM Type 2 indicates an improper diabetic control which is responsible for the higher incidence of micro and macro vascular complications. High serum ADA activity, formation of enediol radical ion and advanced glycosylation end products contribute to the generation of excess free radicals, as evidenced by a statistically significant rise in serum MDA and are responsible for inflicting gross damage to cell membranes and initiating as well as aggravating various complications of DM Type 2.The significant decrease of SOD in DM Type 2 as explained also contributes to the damage caused by the free radicals because of the curtailed defensive mechanism against them.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors acknowledge the immense help received from the scholars whose articles are cited and included in references of this manuscript. The authors are also grateful to authors / editors /publishers of all those articles, journals and books from where the literature for this article has been reviewed and discussed

References:

1. Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jamesor JL. Harrison’s principles of Internal Medicine Mc Graw Hill .2003;333: 2109-2105. 2. Trinder P. Blood sugar estimation by GODPOD method. Ann. Clin. Biochem.1969; 6: 24-27.

3. Trivelli, LIA.et al Glycosylated Hemoglobin estimation by Ion Exchange Resin Method .New Eng.J.Med 1971; 284:353.

4. Giusti G, Galanti B. Colorimetric method.Adenosine deaminase In: In Bergmeyer Hu, (Ed). Methods of enzymatic analysis, 1984; 3rd ed. Weinheim: Verlag chemie: 315-24

5. Satoh K. Serum lipid peroxide in cerebro vascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method. Clin.Chim.Acta 1978; 90: 37-43.

6. Kakkar P, Das B, Viswanathan PN. “A modified spectrophotometric assay of superoxide dismutase”. Ind J Biochem Biophysics 1984; 21: 130-2.

7. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. National Diabetes Data Group. Diabetes .1979; 28:1039–57.

8. WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus: second report. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser. 1980; 646: 1–80.

9. Geofrey Becket, Simon Walker, Peter Rae, Peter Ashby .Lecture notes, Clinical Biochemistry, 2006;7: 152.

10. Hovi T, Smyth JF, Allison AC,Williams SC.Role of adenosine deaminase in lymphocyte proliferation.Clin Exp Immunol 1976;23:395-403.

11. Sullivon JL, Oxborne WRA, Wedgewood RJ.Adenosine deaminase in activity in lymphocytes.Br J Haematol1977;37:157-8.

12. Baghanha MF,Pego A,Lima MA et al.Serum and pleural adenosine deaminase correlation with lymphocyte populations.Chest 1990;87:605-10.

13. Hoshino T, Yamada K, Masuoka K, et al. Elevated adenosine deaminase activity in the serum of patients with DM. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 1994; 25: 97-102.

14. Kurthul N, pence S, Akarsu E et al.Adenosine deaminase activity in the serum of type 2 diabetis patients.Acta Medica (HradecKralove) 2004; 47(1):33-5.

15. Shiva Prakash M, Chennaiah S,Murthy YSR,Anjaiah E,Anandha Rao S,Suresh C ,Altered Adenosine Deaminase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, JIACM 2006; 7(2): 114-17.

16. Mokhtari M, Hashemi M, Yaghmaei M, Molashahi F, Shikhzadeh A, Niazi A, Ghavami S. Serum adenosine deaminase activity in gestational diabetes mellitus and normal pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010; 281:623–626.

17. Siddiqi SS, Ahmad J, Islam N, Ashraf SMK, Mishra SP. A Study on the Modulation of Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) Activity in Monocytes of Type 2 Diabetic Patients by Antioxidants. JIACM 2011; 12(2): 113-6

18. Gitanjali G,Sudeep G,Neeraja,Mili G,Deepak A, Priyanka S. The effect of hyperglycemia on some Biochemical parameters in Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, october 2010; 4: 3181-3186.

19. Abuja PM, Albertini R. Methods for monitoring oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and oxidation resistance of lipoproteins. Clin Chim Acta. 2001 Apr; 306(1-2):1-17.

20. Vasudevan DM, Sreekumari S, Vaidyanadhan K, Text book of Biochemistry.Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers 2011;20:239.

21. Aria K, Lizuka S, Tada Y, Oikawa K, Taniguch N. Increase in the glucosylated form of erythrocyte Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase in diabetes and close association of the nonenzymatic glucosylation with the enzyme activity. Biochem Biophys Acta 1989; 924:292 – 6.

22. Lin J. The association between copper ions and peroxidativereaction in diabetic cataract. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi1996;100 (9):672 – 9.

23. Zbronska H, Grzeszczak W, Jendryczko A, Zbronski R, Kuzniewicz R. Activity of superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes and leukocytes and levels of zinc and copper in blood of patients with diabetes. Effects of diabetic treatment on examined parameters. Pol Arch Med Wew 1995; 94(3):228 – 34.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


RSS feed

Indexed and Abstracted in


Antiplagiarism Policy: IJCRR strongly condemn and discourage practice of plagiarism. All received manuscripts have to pass through "Plagiarism Detection Software" test before Toto Macau forwarding for peer review. We consider "Plagiarism is a crime"

IJCRR Code of Conduct: To achieve a high standard of publication, we adopt Good Publishing Practices (updated in 2022) which are inspired by guidelines provided by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) and International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)

Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



ABOUT US

International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

Contact

148, IMSR Building, Ayurvedic Layout,
        Near NIT Complex, Sakkardara,
        Nagpur-24, Maharashtra State, India

editor@ijcrr.com

editor.ijcrr@gmail.com


Copyright © 2024 IJCRR. Specialized online journals by ubijournal .Website by Ubitech solutions