International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 5(4), February, 2013

Pages: 130-135

Date of Publication: 28-Feb-2013


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TEACHING METHODOLOGY OF ANATOMY: A MODERN OUTLOOK

Author: Udaya Kumar P., Seema Madan

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Traditionally sole pedagogy of gross anatomy has been through cadaver dissections and didactic lectures. However increased access to recent technologies, have prompted many universities and colleges to redefine the teaching methods thus effectively impart the knowledge of gross anatomy. Aim: To compare the traditional teaching method versus modern teaching method and evaluate their effectiveness in learning gross anatomy. To assess the degree of student's satisfaction of learning with the above said methods. Material and Methods: A prospective study was carried out among the freshman undergraduate medical students of Gandhi medical college, Andhra Pradesh, India. The students of the Experimental group were taught using power point lectures and computer based dissection visuals, along with the traditional method of teaching. The Control group students were allotted the same number of dissection and lecture hours as the experimental group and followed the same pattern of dissection. The students of this group were taught by using traditional Chalk and Board lectures only. They had no access to power point lectures and computer based dissection visuals. Student's performance was evaluated using multiple choice questions and a feedback questionnaire, Results: Experimental group Students performed better than the traditional group. i.e. in 2009, four out of six examinations and in 2010, five out of six examinations, experimental group's average scores were significantly higher ( p < 0.05 ) than the traditional group. The difference in the averages, between the two groups, was significant, i.e. Z > 1.96.

Keywords: Cadaver dissections; Chalk & Board; power point lectures.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Anatomy has always been a cornerstone in medical education1 . It is an undisputed fact that the comprehensive knowledge of anatomy plays a vital role in proper understanding of any other branch of Medicine. It plays an important role in the process of training medical professionals and thereby ensuring safe medical practices. Traditionally sole pedagogy of gross anatomy has been through cadaver dissections and didactic lectures
1 . However increased access to recent technologies like 3-dimensional audio visuals, digital radiological imaging, and web based study materials etc. have prompted and challenged many universities and colleges to redefine the teaching methods thus effectively impart the knowledge of gross anatomy. The purpose of the present study is 1. To compare the traditional teaching methods versus modern integrated teaching method and evaluate their effectiveness in learning gross anatomy.

2. To assess the degree of student’s satisfaction of learning with the above said methods.

MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

Freshman undergraduate medical students joining Gandhi medical college, Andhra Pradesh, during the years of 2009 – 2010 and 2010 – 2011 were considered for the study.

Regular teaching pattern:
In the regular course of teaching, teachers use traditional chalk and board as the main tool of teaching apart from the dissection. Occasionally depending upon the topics dealt and availability of other resources, overhead projectors, specimens, models and power point presentations were also used.

Participants’ selection:
One hundred and fifty (N=150) freshman medical students entering Gandhi medical college, in the order of their merit in the Common Entrance Test, are arranged in alphabetical order of their names and divided into four groups consisting of n1=38, n2=38 ,n3=37 and n4=37 number of students respectively. Each year, out of four, two groups were chosen randomly for the study, one as an Experimental and the other as Control, with a prior informed consent.

EVALUATION

Both the Experimental and Control groups were tested with the same pattern of examinations. Students were given total 6 sets of multiple choice question examinations for both the topics i.e. Upper limb 3 questionnaires and Thorax 3 questionnaires, at regular intervals within the stipulated time period. At the end of study a feedback questionnaire was distributed to both the groups. The purpose of the questionnaire was to assess the efficacy of the recent methods used in the study, the students’ overall satisfaction of learning with the traditional versus modern method of teaching and further suggestions regarding the future improvement and implementation of the newer method. Averages in the test scores, Z – Test values and feedback observations were depicted in tables 1and 2. The results were analyzed statistically.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TEST SCORES:
Test scores of the Control and Experimental group were compared for each topic. The differences in the averages obtained between the two groups, for each test, were assessed for any significance. As the sample size was more than 30 (N > 30) and equal for both the groups, Z-Test was conducted, to assess the significance in average differences between the Control and Experimental groups. The level of significance was set by ‘p’ value i.e. p > 0.05 is non- significant and p < 0.05 is significant. Z-test value greater than 1.96 is considered significantly different between the averages. The average scores and the Z-test and ‘p’ values are depicted in the (Table – 1)

Data analysis:
Upper Extremity and Thorax – 2009;
In initial examination for both the topics, results did not show any significant difference in average marks between Control and Experimental groups. Whereas the latter two examinations showed higher average marks in Experimental group.

Upper Extremity and Thorax – 2010;
The initial examination in upper extremity did not show any significant difference in average marks between Control and Experimental groups. Whereas in all the other examinations results showed higher average marks in Experimental group.

Analysis of the feedback data:
Results of seventy two out of seventy four completed and returned questionnaires show that the computer based dissection visuals and power point lectures were excellent tools to understand and learn gross anatomy. All the students participated in the study felt that the modern integrated method made the subject of anatomy easy and more interesting. Finally students suggested that the use of modern teaching methodology in future would certainly improve the future of anatomy education.

DISCUSSION

Small group learning is considered to be superior method of learning2 , but in India due large numbers of student intake in medical colleges, lecture methods are more preferred and will continue to be put into practice. In order to cater to the needs, the lectures should be made more effective. The review of literature showed that combination of various teaching methods i.e. cadaver dissection, didactic lectures, computer mediated instruction and web based anatomy materials, together yielded better results in learning anatomy. In individual studies by Biasutto SN, et al3 , Boucher, et al4 , Elizondo-Omana, R. E, et al5 , Granger NA, et al6 , Jose A Pereira, et al7 , Dana J. Jamero, PharmD, et al8 , and Forester JP, et al9 M Thomas, et al10, it was observed that, either combination of the newer technological resources with traditional methods yielded better results or newer methods became viable alternative to traditional methods. Nobert A. Jones, et al11, Walsh, R. J. and Bohn, R. C 12, Bukowski EL13, Dobbins C, et al14 and Mc Nulty J A, et al15 in their studies, compared traditional dissection cum didactic lecture method of teaching with the new multimedia and web based methods. Except in the study of Mc Nulty JA, et al15, all the other studies’ results showed that the newer methods are better appreciated by the students than the traditional teaching method. Likewise in the present study also, power point projections and computer based dissection visuals when added to the regular teaching method yielded better results than when used alone. In almost all the studies, by Azer SA, Eizenberg N 16, Patel KM and Moxham BJ17, Vikas Seth, et al18, Walsh, R. J. and Bohn, R.C11, Ganger, et al5 , Jose A Pereira, et al6 , , Dobbins.C, et al13, Dana J. Jamero, PhrmD, et al7 , where the feedback was taken to assess the degree of student satisfaction of learning with the recent advanced methods of teaching, students were of the opinion that either the new media were better than the traditional methods or at least as effective as traditional method in learning human gross anatomy.

Possible reasons for the better results with newer method than the traditional method:
The following observations could be made out for the students’ better performance with the newer method.

1. Incorporation of Audio-Visuals, animations, pictures in the power point lectures, made it more interesting and informative to the students.

2. Most of the anatomy diagrams are difficult to understand in 2-dimensional mode on the chalk and board, but the audio-visual can give a better concept of the subject and long lasting impact on the students.

3. Dissection visuals shown prior to the dissection lab, made the students better prepared for the dissection which eventually helped them in getting good scores in the examinations.

4. As integration of the newer method with the traditional chalk and board, was well managed the students were able to interact with the teacher and also take down notes and the diagrams when needed. 5. The reasons for the continual improvement in the students’ performance in both the groups in consecutive exams, however, might be attributed to the regular examinations conducted as a part of the study and gradual exposure of the subject made the students better prepared. In view of the reduced total teaching time, addition of newer tools to the regular teaching will help the teacher to cover the topics within the stipulated time period with better quality. Eventually, improving the students’ performance, satisfaction of learning and as a whole quality of health education.

LIMITATIONS

As university regulations demand cadaver dissection, comparison to find out whether dissection can be completely replaced with modern methods of teaching, cannot be considered for the present study. This study included smaller groups (n=38) of students. Results of the less sample size may not be applicable for the larger group students in view of the differences in the student’s attention and receptivity in larger group settings. Utility of power point lectures not only depends on the lecture itself but also on the various factors like availability of electricity, students’ personal preferences, teacher’s capabilities (in integrated method) to deal with the technology, subject quality, time management and interaction with students at the same time and trained technical staff to take care of the available resources etc...

CONCLUSION

It is opined that whatever the method of teaching aids used, the impact of the lecture mainly depends on the lecturer. However it is understood from various studies on teaching methodologies that the proper utilization of newer technologies along with the traditional teaching methods will certainly lead to better understanding of gross anatomy and will eventually improve students’ performance. But, until studies prove these possibilities on larger sample sizes, we cannot jump to such conclusions. In view of the poor literature availability in the context of Indian medical education, this study, in its own little way, may add up to it.

Consent:
A prior informed consent was taken from the students that participated in the study.
 Competing Interests: The authors declare that we have no competing interests
Ethical committee clearance: As the study did not include any tests of significant importance on the subjects involved in the study, ethical committee clearance was not taken into consideration. Authors will take the responsibility of any further allegations regarding ethical clearance that arise from the study.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Dr. Ashok Kumar, Dr. Krishna Murthy and my colleagues for their valuable suggestions. All the students who willingly took part in the study and the scholars/authors/editors/publishers whose articles, journals are reviewed, cited and included in the references of this manuscript.

References:

1. Sugand K, Abrahams P, Khurana A. The anatomy of anatomy: a review for its modernization. Anat Sci Educ. 2010 Mar-Apr; 3(2):83-93.

2. Cannon R. Lecturing, Kensington, NSW; Higher Education Research and Development. Society of Australia; 1988.

3. Biasutto S, Caussa LI, Criado del Rio LE. Teaching anatomy: cadavers vs. computers? Ann Anat. 2006 Mar, 188(2): 187-90.

4. Boucher, Brenda, Hunter, Diana, Henry, Jason. Effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction in teaching biomechanics of the temporomandibular joint. The Journal of Physical Therapy Education. Vol. 13, No. 2

5. Elizondo-Omana, R. E., Morales-Gomez, J. A., Guzaman, S. L., Ibarra, R. P. and Vilchez, F. C., (2004), Traditional teaching supported by computer-assisted learning for macroscopic anatomy. The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist, 278B: 18-22.

6. Granger NA, Calleson DC, Henson OW, Juiliano E, Wineski L, McDaniel MD, Burgoon JM. Use of Web-based materials to enhance anatomy instruction in the health sciences. Anat Rec B New Anat. 2006 Jul; 289(4): 121-7.

7. Jose A Pereira, Eulogio Pleguezuelos, Alex Meri, Antoni Molina-Ros, M Carmen MolinaTomas, Carlos Masdeu. Effectiveness of using blended learning strategies for teaching and learning human anatomy. J.Med Educ., 41(2): 189-195. Feb 2007.

8. Dana J. Jamero, PhrmD, Amne Borghol, PharmD and Linda Mihm, PharmD. Comparision of Computer-Mediated Learning and Lecture-Mediated Learning for Teaching Pain Management to Pharmacy Students. Am J Pharm Educ. 2009 February 19; 73(1): 05.

9. Forester JP, Thomas PP, McWhorter DL. Effects of four supplemental instruction programs on students' learning of gross anatomy. Clin Anat. 2004 May;17(4):322-7

10. M Thomas, B Appala Raju. Are PowerPoint presentations fulfilling its purpose? South East Asian Journal of Medical Education, Inaugural issue.

11. Nobert A Jones, Ph.D., Raymond P. Olfason, Ph.D. and Jerome Sutin, Ph.D; Evaluation of a Gross Anatomy Program Without Dissection. J.Med.Educ., 53:198-204, 1978.

12. Walsh, R. J. and Bohn, R.C. (1990). Computer-assisted instructions: a role in teaching human gross anatomy. Medical Education, 24: 499-506.

13. Bukowski EL. Assessment outcomes: Computerized instruction in a human gross anatomy course. J Allied Health. 2002 Fall: 31(3): 153-8.

14. Dobbins.C, Kanhere.A, Maddern.GJANZ. Anatomy in the virtual world. J. Surg. 2007; 77 Suppl 1: A77.

15. McNulty JA, Hoyt A, Gruener G, Chandrasekhar A, Espiritu B, Price R Jr, Naheedy R; An analysis of lecture video utilization in undergraduate medical education: association with performance in the courses. BMC Med Educ-01-JAN-2009; 9: 6

16. Azer SA, Eizenberg N. Do we need dissection in an integrated problem-based learning medical course? Perceptions of first- and second-year students. Surg Radiol Anat. 2007 Mar; 29(2): 173-80.Eupub 2007 Feb 21.

17. Patel KM, Moxham BJ, The relationship between learning outcomes and methods of teaching anatomy as perceived by professional anatomists. Clin Anat-01-MAR-2008; 21(2): 182-9.

18. Vikas Seth, Prerna Upadhyaya, Mushtaq Ahmad, Vijay Moghe; Power point or chalk and talk: Perceptions of medical students versus dental students in a medical college in India. Advances in medical education and practice 2010:1 11-16.

Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

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A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
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A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
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A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
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A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
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A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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