International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 5(12), June, 2013

Pages: 77-82

Date of Publication: 28-Jun-2013


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BARRIERS TO THE UPTAKE OF CATARACT SURGERY IN A RURAL POPULATION OF SOUTH KARNATAKA, INDIA

Author: Guruprasad S. Bettadapura, Narendra P. Datti, Krishnamurthy Donthi, Ranganath B.G., Shamanna B. Ramaswamy, Sangeetha T.

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Purpose: To analyse the barriers to the uptake of cataract surgery in patients aged over 50 years in a rural set up and suggest possible remedial measures. Methods: Sixty one clusters of 50 people aged over 50 years were selected by probability-proportionate to size sampling. All participants were evaluated using standard Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness ( RAAB ) methodology. People with unilateral or bilateral cataract were interviewed about the reasons for not having undergone surgery. Results: Of the 3050 people enumerated, 2907(95.3%) were examined. Among them 1360(47%) were males and 1547(53%) were females. Out of them, 73(2.51%) were bilaterally blind due to cataract(vision < 3/60). The main barriers noted in bilateral cataract blind were \"No one to accompany\" and \"Waiting for maturity\"(27.2% each). Conclusion: Augmenting the outreach programmes accompanied by information and motivational campaigns will reduce barriers to uptake of cataract surgery and in turn reduce the cataract blindness.

Keywords: Barriers, Cataract surgery, outreach programmes, Rapid assessment, eyecare

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION
Cataract continues to be the commonest cause of blindness in India, with three out of every four blind, above 50 years being blind due to cataract. [1] As a result of the National Program of blindness, various government and nongovernemental organisations have increased the scope of the outreach programmes, thus making quality eye care available to the rural poor. Even though there has been tremendous progress in the number of cataract surgeries being performed across the country, some section of the population still have barriers to accepting this service even though they are blind. People's use of health services is influenced by a range of psychological, social, cultural, economic and practical factors.[2] A proper analysis and understanding of these factors is critical to modify the eye care progrmmes and hence increase the uptake of cataract surgical services. The present article discusses the reasons for not undergoing cataract surgery in persons aged over 50 years who were blind due to cataract in Kolar district, Karnataka.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A Rapid Assessment was carried out by a team consisting of trained personnel from the departments of Ophthalmology and Community Medicine, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar. The survey was carried out between March and June 2011, in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Ethical approval was given by the Ethical Committee of Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants, after explaining the purpose of the study in their local language. Sample size was determined using a prevalence estimate of 4% for blindness ( WHO definition of presenting vision- <3/60 in better eye) among those aged over 50 years. Using 95% confidence interval , 20% precision, design effect of 1.5 and 10% non- response rate, sample size was calculated to be 3,017, which would require 61 clusters of 50 people over 50 years. In each cluster, the survey team visited each household accompanied by local health worker to facilitate compliance. All the examinations were conducted in the respective household. Standard Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) Protocol was used for gathering information and for eye examination.[3] A survey form comprising 7 sections was filled for each participant. Among other things the form consisted of information on lens status, principal cause of visual impairment and barriers to uptake of cataract surgery. Visual acuity (V.A.) was measured using a tumbling Snellen- E chart using optotype size 6/18 on one side and 6/60 on the other. All measurements were taken in full daylight with available correction. If visual acuity was less than 6/18 in either eye, pin hole vision was tested. A ocular examination was performed by an Ophthalmologist on each participant inside their respective households. Lens status was assessed by a bright torchlight or distant direct ophthalmoscopy. If presenting vision was <6/18, then pupil was dilated if needed and ophthalmoscopy done to assess the cause of blindness. Persons with unilateral or bilateral cataract were asked about the reasons for not having undergone surgery. The survey form had different types of barriers enlisted in it. If there were multiple reasons, the first two responses were recorded as the prime reasons. Double data entry and analysis was done using the RAAB software programme version- 4.02.

RESULTS
A total of 3050 persons aged more than 50 years were enumerated, and of these 2907(95.3%) were examined. Of them 1360 ( 47%) were males and 1547 (53%) were females. Out of them, 73 (2.51%) were bilaterally blind due to cataract,( V.A. < 3/60), with females being more compared to males. ( Table. 1) People with unilateral or bilateral cataract were asked about the reasons for not having got the surgery done and the main barriers were " Waiting for maturity" and "No one to accompany" (27.2% each). (Table. 2) The main barrier in persons with unilateral cataract was that other eye was not blind (25.9%). ( Table.3)

DISCUSSION
Various studies have noted that, people readily do not accept eye care services, even when offered to them free of cost. [4,5,6,7] To the patient there are various other factors apart from surgical cost. Identifying theses factors and modification of the eye care programmes, can help reduce the barriers and increase the surgical coverage. The common barriers encountered in our study was No one to accompany, waiting for maturity, lack of awareness about the treatment and place of surgery and accepting it as an aging process or GOD's will. This is simillar to barriers reported from various other studies as well.[4,8,9,10,11,12] One of the main barriers was that the patient had no attenders to accompany. This has become all the more relevant with the decline in nuclear families and the aged living alone. Nevertheless, for the rural poor even when an attender is available at home, the transportation cost of the attender and loss of labour during the hospital stay as well as miscellaneous expenses hinder their accompanying the patient. This can be overcome by extensive outreach programmes, cutting down the travel costs. A patient friendly approach involving educating the patient about the "pick up and drop" transportation service as well as the presence of trained paramedical and nursing staff at the hospital to take care of their needs will help mitigate the need of an attender. Also by adopting novel surgical technology, hospital stay as well as post-operative recovery can be reduced, thereby facilitating earlier return to their daily routine work. Waiting for maturity has been another major barrier in our study, frequently reported in other studies as well.[11] In spite of the increase in the outreach programmes and the surgical facilities, sometimes the patient may be asked to return at a later date if the cataract is not dense. Such patients are unlikely to return for surgery for various personal and economic reasons. One probable solution to this is to operate on people with bilateral cataracts, irrespective of the density, thereby ensuring they dont go blind. Other way out is to motivate them to come to the next screening camp by giving them proper information about the date and place of the next camp. Increasing the manpower, the surgical facilities and thereby the surgical ouptut will help reduce this barrier to a great extent. Visual needs differ and many patients with cataract attribute their vision loss as a normal aging process or GOD's will. [14,15] They tend to cope up with this avoidable visual handicap, rather than report to health care facilities. Along with this, should be addressed the problem of ignorance of cataract itself as well as the treatment and facilities available. It is only through proper information, education and communication programmes that this ignorance can be eliminated. Even when identified with having cataract and advised for surgery, very few people readily agree for the same. The role of local village health workers as well as the multipurpose social workers/public relation officers of the instituion/hospital conducting the camp becomes important. Community link workers in the form of anganwadi/ASHA workers must be trained to detect cases of blindness/decreased vision and a blindness registry at the village level should be prepared. [16,17] These workers should also be involved in creating awareness about the problem of cataract as well as motivating them to undergo surgery for better quality of life. Motivation by village elders, community leaders as well as satisfied patients – "pseudophakic motivators" will help increase the awareness among patients. Equipped with calendar of events of screening camps in the neighbouring places, these workers can guide the patients accordingly. [18] The role of multipurpose social workers/public relations officer of the institute/hospital organising the camps is equally important. Their presence at the camp site, talking to the needy, motivating them, accompanying them to the hospital, frequent visits to the wards during their stay in the hospital, talking to them about postoperative hygiene and care; importance of postoperative follow up and once again accompanying them while dropping them back will help boost the morale of the patient as well as help to establish a personal rapport with th em. Organising regular outreach camps at the same location helps build trust in the service provider and help reduce the various barriers. [18] Another factor which needs to be considered is about the patients who are found unfit for surgery during the screening process. Instead of just turning them back, proper counseling and guidance as to the next step regarding the management of their ocular or systemic problem will help them to get fitness for surgery and undergo the same at the earliest. 'Fear' as a barrier, is not without reasons. For the illiterate rural poor, fear of hospital, surgery and its consequences are natural.[2,12] Interaction with people who have undergone successful surgery will help reduce these fears. [19]

Even though females had greater prevlence of cataract blindness, the acceptance of surgery was less compared to males. Similar views have been reported from other studies as well.[6,14,19,20] Reasons for this are many: females are more often illiterate, with a low self esteem, have little social support and adopt themselves to the reduced vision and have limited access to informatThe major barrier in unilateral cataract blind was that "one eye not blind", indicating the operated eye had good vision and the patient was not bothered about poor vision in the other eye. Here again proper education about the need for surgery and improvement of the quality of life as well as reducing the complications of unoperated cataract needs to be disseminated.

CONCLUSION
Eye camps are still a major source of service delivery in the remote rural areas. Further augmenting these outreach programmes, will help take these services closer to the community. Reducing the uptake barriers by patient friendly, need related, region specific motivational and information education campaigns at the grass root level will help identify the cataract blind and motivate them to avail surgical services, thereby reducing the burden of cataract blindness. Proper case selection, good surgical techniques, adequate post-operative follow up care and provision of free spectacles will definitely help reduce the barriers and also improve surgical outcome.

References:

1. Neena J, Rachel J, Praveen V, Murthy GV; Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness India study Group. Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness in India. PLoS One 2008;3:e2867.

2. Donoghue M. People Who Don't use eye services: 'Making the invisible visible". Community Eye Health 1999;12:36-8

3. https://www.iceh.org.uk/display/WEB/Rapi d+assessment+of+avoidable+blindness+surv ey+methodology

4. Malhotra R, Uppal Y, Misra A, Taneja DK, Gupta VK, Ingle GK. Increasing access to cataract surgery in a rual area- a support strategy. Indian J Public Health 2005;49:63- 7

5. Venkataswamy PG, Brilliant G. Social and economic barriers to cataract surgery in rural south India: A preliminary report. Vis Impairment Blindness. Dec 1981:405-408

6. Brilliant GE, Lepkowski JM, Zurita B, Thulasiraj RD. Social determinants of cataract surgery utilization in South India: The operations research group. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:584-9

7. Gupta SK, Murthy GVS. Where do persons with blindness caused by cataracts in rural areas seek treatment and why? Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:1337-40

8. Johnson JG, Goode Sen V, Faal H. Barriers to the uptake of cataract surgery. Trop Doct 1998;28:218-20

9. Snellingen T, Shrestha BR, Gharti MP, Shrestha JK, Upadhyay MP,Pokhrel RP. Socio-economic barriers to cataract surgery in Nepal: The South Asian Cataract Management Study. Br J Ophthalmol 1998;82:1424-28

10. Rotchford AP, Rotchford KM, Mthethwa LP, Johnson GJ. Reasons for poor cataract surgery uptake- a qualitative study in rural South Africa. Trop Med Int Health. 2002;7:288-92

11. Dhaliwal U, Gupta SK. Barriers to the uptake of catarct surgery in patients presenting to a hospital. Indian J Ophthal 2007;55:133-6

12. Gyasi M, Amoaku W, Asamany D. Barriers to cataract surgical uptake in the upper eastregion of Ghana. Ghana Med J 2007;41:167-70

13. Vaidyanathan K, Limburg H, Foster A, Pandey RM. Changing trends in barriers to cataract surgery in India. Bull World Health Organ 1999;77:104-9

14. Courtright P. Barriers which keep patients from getting cataract surgery in developing countries. From www.v2020eresource.org

15. Mansour AM, Kassak K, Chaya M, Hourani T, Sibai A, Alameddine MN. National survey of Blindness and low vision in Lebanon. Br J Ophthalmol 1997;81:905-6

16. NPCB at a glance. National Programme for Control of Blindness in India. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. January 2010.

17. Courtright P, Lewallen S, Tungpakorn N, Cho BH, Lim YK, Lee HJ et al. Cataract in leprosy patients: Cataract surgical coverage, barriers to acceptance of cataract surgeryand outcome of surgery in a population based survey in Korea. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:643-7

18. Finger RP, Kupitz DG, Holz FG, Chandrasekhar S, Balasubramaniam B, Ramani RV et al. Regular provision of outreach increases acceptance of cataract surgery in South India. Trop Med Int Health 2011;16:1268-75

19. Courtright P, Kanjaloti S, Lewallen S. Barriers to acceptance of cataract surgery among patients presenting to district hospitals in rural Malawi. Trop Geogr Med 1995;47:15-8

20. McCauley AP. Primary eye care: rural Balinese attitudes towards eye care and cataract surgery and suggestions for increasing demand for eye care services. Hellen Keller International, New York, 1986


Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
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A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
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A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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Disclaimer: International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal.



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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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