International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 5(20), October, 2013

Pages: 59-65

Date of Publication: 02-Nov-2013


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SAFETY AND QUALITY ASPECTS OF REDUCING SALT CONTENT IN FOODS

Author: Ismail Balarabe Bilyaminu

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Salt has been used since ancient times as an additive with many benefits such as preservative and antimicrobial agent and for impacting desirable sensory attributes in foods. Reports from various organisations shows that its consumption in recent times has been above the recommended daily intake and this has been linked with the rising cases of high blood pressure leading to cardiovascular diseases. Salt reduction strategies have been developed by various organisations and governments to ensure significant salt reduction while not compromising the safety and quality purposes of its use in foods.

Keywords: recommended daily allowance, safety, salt reduction

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION Salt is defined as a pure white crystalline dietary mineral use as a condiment on the dining table (Jacobson, 2005). Salt is the most popular seasoning found in many foods occurring either naturally or added during food processing to give the desirable taste and texture (Shee et al., 2010). Nutritionally, salt is a regulator of extracellular volume, maintain acid-base balance, neural transmission, renal functions, cardiac output and mycotoxic contractions (Dotsch et al., 2009). Chloride and sodium ions form the two major constituents of salt and are needed by living creatures in trace amounts for regulating fluid equilibrium of the body and sodium itself is useful in the nervous system for electrical signalling (Caldwell et al., 2000).
The use of salt for food preservation was an empirically developed practice dating back thousands of years (Stringer and Pin 2005). Salt acts as a food preservative which inhibits growth pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms allowing the nutritional value of foods such as meat, fish and vegetables to be prolonged from times of abundance to times of shortage [Stringer and Pin 2005; Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of United States (CDC) 2009]. However, the consumption of salt has been on the increase in this modern time and concerns have risen over the years on the health risks associated with its high intake which includes increase in blood pressure to the consuming individuals. Some health authorities such as American Heart Association (AHA) (2010) looking at the increasing trend in salt intake have recommended a reduction of dietary salt to avoid the aforementioned health risks. The United States Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS) (2010) recommends a daily intake of not higher than 3750-5750mg of salt (1500-2300mg of Sodium) while in the UK it is targeted at not more than 6g/day [Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) 2003].
The reduction of salt content in foods has been a topic of extreme international interest discussed under various platforms by the world health organisations to review its link with the health related issues (WHO, 2007; Dolye and Glass, 2010). The aim of these strategies was to make sure that member countries are aware of the 

prospects and constraints of the use of salt in foods and to take measures which will alleviate the perceived negative effects.   It is very crucial however to understand that all efforts aiming at reducing salt content in foods must be balanced with novel purpose of salting in many foods. 

The purpose of this review is to critically overview the effects of salt reduction on food safety and quality with a view of finding suitable approach to follow to achieve the desired objectives.  It will also look at various policies and strategies formulated by governments and stakeholders to ensure that the perceived health effects of high salt intake in foods has been minimised while not compromising the safety and quality of foods.

Effects of salt reduction in foods to human health

There has been a renewal of interest in recent times in the reduction of salt in foods driven by convincing evidence that its excessive intake is a major cause of high blood pressure (Karppanen and Mervaala 2005; Dickinson and Havas, 2007; He and MacGregor, 2008) and by decreasing intake of salt in the diet, hypertension which lead to cardiovascular disease could be prevented (Cutler and Roccella, 2006; Cook et al., 2007; Liem et al., 2011)

It has been estimated that, 62% of Cardiovascular Disease and 49% Schaemic Heart Disease was reported to be caused by high blood pressure (WHO, 2006; He and MacGregor, 2010). High salt consumption has also been connected with other health effects like gastric cancer (Tsugane et al., 2004); decrease of bone mineral concentration (Devine et al., 1995) and certainly obesity (He and MacGregor, 2008).

Asaria et al., (2007) estimated that 8.5 million cardiovascular- related death incidences could be prevented globally with 15% decrease in population salt consumption for ten years.  Additionally, analysis conducted by the World Health Organisation concluded that salt intake reduction is the most cost effective method of preventing cardiovascular disease world-wide (WHO, 2006; WHO, 2007).

Effects of salt reduction from the food safety point of view

The prevention and control of foodborne disease causing pathogens is mandatory especially for higher risk people such as the young and elderly, pregnant women and immunocompromised.  Over 5000 deaths were estimated to occur annually due to foodborne illness (Mead et al., 1999).

Taormina (2010) reported that the microbiological food safety and quality effects of salt reduction in foods obtain little attention in both peer-reviewed literature and media in comparison to that dedicated to cardiovascular health potential impacts. His claim was that food safety could be weakened accidentally as a result of salt reduction in foods which in turn decrease a key barrier against foodborne pathogens. The removal or reduction of salt could have effects that will not be present till after the system is applied (Taormina, 2010).

Antimicrobial function of salt in foods

In addition to flavour and other sensory quality improvement, salt plays a vital role in regulating microbial growth especially in refrigerated “ready-to-eat” (RTE) foods. The shelf-life stability of RTE foods is due to salt and moisture content (Taormina, 2010).The antimicrobial function of salt helps in shelf-life extension of foods by exerting drying effects and as a result water is drawn out of the cells of both microbes and food by the process of osmosis (Doyle and Glass 2010). The amount of salt required for the antimicrobial functions varies with species with Campylobacter being highly sensitive (Dolye and Roman, 1982).  The minimum aw for growth of foodborne pathogens and the effect of salt in aw as before reduction in comparison with the other humectants is presented in Tables I and II, respectively.

Effect of salt reduction on food quality

Although high salt intake has been linked to hypertension leading to cardiovascular diseases, there have been deliberations on the effects of salt reduction on the quality attributes of food products. These attributes include taste, texture and consumer acceptability of the products; other quality parameters include moisture, fat and pH; and also processing conditions would be affected (Dotsch et al., 2009).

Salt plays a vital role in the food manufacturing process as an additive which enhances flavours, increases consumer acceptability and performs desirable functions in foods (Kilcast and den Ridder, 2007). These desirable functions can be dough formation in bread production, preservation and binding of water in meats and primarily for sensory improvement in some foods (Hutton, 2002).

In addition, in bread production, salt minimises yeast growth and allow for gluten development and therefore its reduction could lead to increase in yeast growth and negatively affects the texture of bread.  However, by changing the mixing and mechanical operations as well as reduction in yeast used, these effects could be reduced to some extent (Cauvain, 2007). Analysis of rheological effects of salt reduction on dough and baking quality or organoleptic attributes showed no significant change at reduced salt concentrations (Cauvain, 2007), but complete removal may result in bad flavours and reduce dough and baking qualities (Lynch et al., 2009).  All these facts must therefore be taken into consideration before significant reduction of salt to a safer level becomes possible.

Current improvements in salt reduction and proposed substitute methods

Various governments and other stakeholders in the food industry are highly concerned about salt reduction and these resulted in modelling of various innovative approaches for significant reduction of salt intake by consumers and the development of substitute methods which pose no health risks. These include initiatives on using ingredients such as different mineral salts like potassium chloride, extract from yeast and flavour improvers which give similar organoleptic attributes (Wallis and Chapman, 2012).

Many methods of salt reduction have been developed which may include gradual reduction of salt in foods over a period of time “reduction by stealth”, changing the matrix of food or emulsions and introduction of aroma that give an identical salty taste to consumers (Kilcast and denRidder, 2007; Wallis and Chapman, 2012). The strategy for salt reduction by stealth has recorded achievements with significant reduction of salt in processed foods been successful in the past three years by 20-30% and more is expected to meet the target of 6g/day by 2012 (He and MacGregor, 2008). It is also generally effective as no attitudinal change is needed from consumers and this has led to a more significant reduction by approximately 1g/day in the UK population (Kilcast and denRidder, 2007).

Various achievements in salt reduction have been recorded in the UK. This is presented in Table III.

FDF- Food and Drink Federation; BCCC- British Chocolate, Cake and Confectionery; SNACMA- Snacks Nuts and Crisps Manufacturers Association; ACMF-Association of Cereal Foods Manufacturers; N/A: Information not available. Sources: [European Commission (2008) and Food Standards Agency (2010)] CONCLUSION Salt is an essential nutrient and important ingredient for the production of safe foods with an acceptable organoleptic attributes and extended shelf life. However, analysis has indicated that its consumption in recent times has been above the recommended amount and therefore reduction is essential to reduce the occurrence of health related diseases (Dolye and Glass, 2010). Salt preserves foods by reducing water activity and inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and therefore its reduction in foods may have adverse results on food safety. It is therefore essential to reformulate foods, adjust processing and storage conditions and reduce shelf-life of food products to ensure the safety (Stringer and Pin 2005). The use of substitutes to replace salt has also been established to be an effective approach to reducing salt in foods. Example is the use of potassium chloride which acts like salt giving the desirable attributes and inhibits the growth of microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in a similar way to salt (Guardia et al. 2006). The importance of salt in ensuring safety and quality of foods is an essential factor to be considered. Hence this review recommends the following:
I.Need for research to identify the real implication of reducing salt in preparation and serving of foods on its shelf life and microbial safety.
II. Determine the efficiency of the proposed substitutes and cost implications on the overall food processing and supply chain. This will give a clear direction to follow without
compromising any of the effects of salt reduction on the quality and safety of foods.

 

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Announcements

Dr. Pramod Kumar Manjhi joined Editor-in-Chief since July 2021 onwards

COPE guidelines for Reviewers

SCOPUS indexing: 2014, 2019 to 2021


Awards, Research and Publication incentive Schemes by IJCRR

Best Article Award: 

One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Women Researcher Award:

This award is instituted to encourage women researchers to publish her work in IJCRR. Women researcher, who intends to publish her research work in IJCRR as the first author is eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of women researchers based on the originality, novelty, and social contribution of the research work. The corresponding author of the selected manuscript is communicated and information is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Under this award selected women, the author is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

Emerging Researcher Award:

‘Emerging Researcher Award’ is instituted to encourage student researchers to publish their work in IJCRR. Student researchers, who intend to publish their research or review work in IJCRR as the first author are eligible to apply for this award. Editorial Board members decide on the selection of student researchers for the said award based on originality, novelty, and social applicability of the research work. Under this award selected student researcher is eligible for publication incentives. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.


Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
A Study by Monica K. entitled "Risk Predictors for Lymphoma Development in Sjogren Syndrome - A Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 13
A Study by Mokhtar M Sh et al. entitled "Prevalence of Hospital Mortality of Critically Ill Elderly Patients" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 12
A Study by Vidya S. Bhat et al. entitled "Effect of an Indigenous Cleanser on the Microbial Biofilm on Acrylic Denture Base - A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 11
A Study by Pandya S. et al. entitled "Acute and 28-Day Repeated Dose Subacute Toxicological Evaluation of Coroprotect Tablet in Rodents" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 10
A Study by Muhammad Zaki et al. entitled "Effect of Hemoglobin Level on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children: A Case-Control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 09
A Study by Vinita S & Ayushi S entitled "Role of Colour Doppler and Transvaginal Sonography for diagnosis of endometrial pathology in women presenting with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 08
A Study by Prabhu A et al. entitled "Awareness of Common Eye Conditions among the ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) Workers in the Rural Communities of Udupi District- A Pilot Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 07
A Study by Divya MP et al. entitled "Non-Echoplanar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and 3D Fiesta Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences with High Resolution Computed Tomography Temporal Bone in Assessment and Predicting the Outcome of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media with Cholesteatoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 06
A Study by Zahoor Illahi Soomro et al. entitled "Functional Outcomes of Fracture Distal Radius after Fixation with Two Different Plates: A Retrospective Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 05
A Study by Ajai KG & Athira KN entitled "Patients’ Gratification Towards Service Delivery Among Government Hospitals with Particular Orientation Towards Primary Health Centres" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 04
A Study by Mbungu Mulaila AP et al. entitled "Ovarian Pregnancy in Kindu City, D.R. Congo - A Case Report" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 03
A Study by Maryam MJ et al. entitled "Evaluation Serum Chemerin and Visfatin Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Possible Diagnostic Biomarkers" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 02
A Study by Shanthan KR et al. entitled "Comparison of Ultrasound Guided Versus Nerve Stimulator Guided Technique of Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block in Patients Undergoing Upper Limb Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 01
A Study by Amol Sanap et al. entitled "The Outcome of Coxofemoral Bypass Using Cemented Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Unstable Intertrochanteric Fracture of Femur in a Rural Setup" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 24
A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
A Study by Isha Gaurav et al. entitled "Association of ABO Blood Group with Oral Cancer and Precancer – A Case-control Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 20
A Study by Amr Y. Zakaria et al. entitled "Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette Gene(ABCC3 rs4793665) affect High Dose Methotrexate-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Osteosarcoma" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 19
A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
A Study by Chandran Anand et al. entitled "A Prospective Study on Assessment of Quality of Life of Patients Receiving Sorafenib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 15
A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
A Study by Suvarna Sunder J et al. entitled "Endodontic Revascularization of Necrotic Permanent Anterior Tooth with Platelet Rich Fibrin, Platelet Rich Plasma, and Blood Clot - A Comparative Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 13
A Study by Mona Isam Eldin Osman et al. entitled "Psychological Impact and Risk Factors of Sexual Abuse on Sudanese Children in Khartoum State" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 12
A Study by Khaw Ming Sheng & Sathiapriya Ramiah entitled "Web Based Suicide Prevention Application for Patients Suffering from Depression" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 11
A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
A Study by Mardhiah Kamaruddin et al. entitled "The Pattern of Creatinine Clearance in Gestational and Chronic Hypertension Women from the Third Trimester to 12 Weeks Postpartum" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 08
A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
A Study by M. Muthu Uma Maheswari et al. entitled "A Study on C-reactive Protein and Liver Function Tests in Laboratory RT-PCR Positive Covid-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre – A Retrospective Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06 Special issue Modern approaches for diagnosis of COVID-19 and current status of awareness
A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 06
A Study by Chen YY and Ghazali SRB entitled "Lifetime Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder Symptoms and Early Adolescence Risk Factors for Poor Physical Health Outcome Among Malaysian Adolescents" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04 Special issue on Current Updates in Plant Biology to Medicine to Healthcare Awareness in Malaysia
A Study by Kumari PM et al. entitled "Study to Evaluate the Adverse Drug Reactions in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Tamilnadu - A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 05
A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
A Study by Sonali Banerjee and Mary Mathews N. entitled "Exploring Quality of Life and Perceived Experiences Among Couples Undergoing Fertility Treatment in Western India: A Mixed Methodology" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 18
A Study by Jabbar Desai et al. entitled "Prevalence of Obstructive Airway Disease in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease and Hypertension" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 17
A Study by Juna Byun et al. entitled "Study on Difference in Coronavirus-19 Related Anxiety between Face-to-face and Non-face-to-face Classes among University Students in South Korea" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 16
A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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International Journal of Current Research and Review (IJCRR) provides platform for researchers to publish and discuss their original research and review work. IJCRR can not be held responsible for views, opinions and written statements of researchers published in this journal

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