International Journal of Current Research and Review
ISSN: 2231-2196 (Print)ISSN: 0975-5241 (Online)
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IJCRR - 5(22), November, 2013

Pages: 58-61

Date of Publication: 04-Dec-2013


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EFFECT OF QURS KAFOOR IN THE MANAGEMENT OF USRE TAMS IBTEDAYI (PRIMARY DYSMENORRHOEA) - A CLINICAL OBSERVATION

Author: Firdose K F, Begum W., Shameem I., Firdose N F., Jahan M

Category: Healthcare

Abstract:Introduction: Dysmenorrhoea is defined as a severe, painful cramping sensation in the lower abdomen occurring just before or during menstruation. The term primary dysmenorrhoea refers to the pain with no obvious pelvic pathology. It is a common condition, which occurs in 52%, 72% or even 90% of women. It is responsible for the highest degree of absenteeism resulting in loss of work hours and economic loss. The aim of the study is to observe the efficacy of Qurs Kafoor, a compound unani formulation in alleviating Usre Tams ibtedayi (primary dysmenorrhoea) Methodology: Ten patients with regular and painful cycles were observed. USG \? pelvis was done to exclude pelvic pathology. Menstrual cramps were rated on a four point scale of dysmenorrhoea, from 0 to 3 depending on the severity. Treatment was given a day prior to the expected date of period until pain persists for 2 consecutive cycles. Reduction in four point scale score is the main outcome measure. Results were considered significant with p < 0.05. Results: Qurs Kafoor showed a significant reduction in four point scale score. In 6 (60%) out of 10 patients four point scale score was reduced to 0, in remaining 4(40%) the four point scale score was reduced to 1. The results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Qurs Kafoor has shown to be effective in the management of primary dysmenorrhoea as assessed by four points scale.

Keywords: Primary dysmenorrhoea, Qurs Kafoor, Four point scale score.

Full Text:

INTRODUCTION

Dysmenorrhea is defined as difficult menstrual flow or painful menstruation. The term dysmenorrhea is derived from the Greek words dys, meaning difficult / painful / abnormal, meno, meaning month, and rrhea, meaning flow.1 Primary dysmenorrhea begins at or shortly after menarche and is usually not accompanied by pelvic pathologic conditions.2 It manifests as midline, crampy lower abdominal pain, which begins with the onset of menstruation. The pain can be quite severe and also involve the low back and thighs. The pain gradually resolves over 12 to 72 hours. Pain does not occur at times other than menses. The diagnosis is made largely by the history and physical exam.3 Women with primary dysmenorrhea had a normal pelvic exam. Painful menstruation with a cramping sensation in the lower abdomen often accompanied by other symptoms such as sweating, tachycardia, headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and tremulousness.4,5 These all occur just before or during the menses. It not only disturbs the routine but also causes humiliating suffering. This 

condition is commonly observed between the ages of 15 and 25 years.

Dysmenorrhoea, especially when it is severe, is associated with a restriction of activity and absence from school or work. Yet despite this substantial effect on their quality of life and general wellbeing, few women with dysmenorrhoea seek treatment as they believe it would not help. 6

The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea (painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin) is difficult to determine because of different definitions of the condition. It occurs in 52%, 72% or even 90% of women.7 However; dysmenorrhoea seems to be the most common gynecological condition in women regardless of age and nationality. Absenteeism from work and school as a result of dysmenorrhoea is common (13% to 51% women have been absent at least once and 5% to 14% are often absent owing to the severity of symptoms). 6

In all, 10-20% of women with primary dysmenorrhoea do not respond to treatment with NSAIDs or oral contraceptives. In addition, some women have contraindications to these treatments. Consequently, researchers have investigated many alternatives to drug treatments.8 Treatment for dysmenorrhoea aims to relieve pain or symptoms either by affecting the physiological mechanisms behind menstrual pain (such as prostaglandin production) or by relieving symptoms. 7

In Unani system of medicine, dysmenorrhoea is known as Usre Tams.The causes attributed by the Unani physicians are many. The important one cause is ascribed as to dominance of Bhalgham or Sauda in the blood. 9, 10 It usually occurs in unmarried, oversensitive girls and those who live lavish life style. Sometimes, chronic diseases, general weakness and stress may be the cause of painful menses. The drugs in the formulation are helpful not only in pain relief, but are also beneficial in relieving the associated symptoms like, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremulousness etc.11,12

The aim of the study is to observe the efficacy of Qurs Kafoor, a compound unani formulation in alleviating Usre Tams Ibtedayi (primary dysmenorrhoea) and associated symptoms.

 

METHODOLOGY

Ten patients with regular and painful cycles between the ages of menarche and 25 years were observed for a period of two months. After thorough evaluation of the history and clinical examination, baseline investigations like Complete Blood Picture, Complete Urine Examination, RBS, and Serum Calcium were advised; following this USG – pelvis was done to exclude pelvic pathology.

Patients with normal laboratory reports together with normal USG were the selected candidates to be included in this observation. Menstrual cramps were rated on a four point scale of dysmenorrhoea, scoring from 0 to 3 depending on the severity. 

Four point scale for dysmenorrhoea rating:

Severity

Score

No pain

0

Minimal*

1

Moderate**

2

Severe***

3

   

      * Can work, somewhat uncomfortable.

 

** Can work, but quite uncomfortable.

*** Miss work, have to be in bed.

Treatment was given a day prior to the expected date of period until pain persists at a dose of two tablets BD for 2 consecutive cycles.

 

Test formulation: Qurs Kafoor13

Unani Name

 Botanical Name

 Dosage

Kafoor                                  

Cinnamomum camphora

1.75gm

Tukhme Kahu

Lactuca sativa

100gm

Tukhme Khurfa

Portutaca olerocea

750gm

Tabasheer

Bambusa Arundinaceae

10gm

Rub us soos

Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra

10gm

All these  are finely grinded and mixed with Arq Gulab (Rose Water) to mould it in tablet form

Dosage: 2 tablet (500gm each) twice daily.

Reduction in four point scale score is the main outcome measure. Results were considered significant with p < 0.05. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-Squared test.

RESULTS

In 6 (60%) out of 10 patients four point scale score was reduced to 0, in remaining 4(40%) the four point scale score was reduced to 1. The results were significant at      p < 0.001.

Qurs Kafoor showed a significant reduction in four point scale score.

DISCUSSION

The present study observed the efficacy of Qurs Kafoor in alleviating primary dysmenorrhoea.    The drugs in the formulation are helpful not only in pain relief, but are also beneficial in relieving the associated symptoms like, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremulousness etc. It effectively reduced the severity of the primary dysmenorrhoea as assessed by the four point score scale.  No studies have been conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Qurs Kafoor in the management of primary dysmenorrhoea. The present study is first of its kind in evaluating the effect of Qurs Kafoor in primary dysmenorrhoea.

CONCLUSION

Qurs Kafoor has shown to be effective in the management of primary dysmenorrhoea as assessed by four points score scale. Further trials with larger sample size are required to confirm the efficacy and to elucidate the mode of action.

Table 01: Percentage distribution of frequency of Absenteeism related to severity of dysmenorrhoea

Absence from work or school because of dysmenorrhoea

No. of Patients

%

Every Menstruation

8

80

Alternate Menstruation

2

20

 

Table 02: Pain severity before and After Treatment

 

Dysmenorrhoea Severity

No. of patients

Before treatment

After Treatment

No Pain

0

6*

Minimal

0

4*

Moderate

3

0

Severe

7

0

 

*P<0.001considered extremely significant.

 

References:

  1. Jamieson DJ, Steege JF. The prevalence of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in primary care practices. Obstet Gynecol. Jan 1996;87(1):55-8. [Medline].
  2. Dawood MY. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and changing attitudes toward dysmenorrhea. Am J Med. May 20 1988;84(5A):23-9
  3. Padubidri V G, Daftari S N. Shaw’s Textbook of Gyaecology 14th ed. India: Elsevier;2009: 265-267.
  4. Katz, Lentz GM, Lobo RA. Katz comprehensive gynaecology. 5th ed, USA: Mosby; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/163690968-2/0/1524/251.html cited on 11.09.09.
  5. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/253812-overveiw. cited on 19/01/09
  6. Dysmenorrhoea in different settings: are the rural and urban adolescent girls perceiving and managing dysmenorrhoea problem differently. Obs and gynae today XIII(10) 2008. 427-430.
  7. Weissman A W, Hartz A J, Hansen M D, Johnson S R. The natural history of primary dysmenorrhoea: A longitudinal study. BJOG 2004, III; 345-352.
  8. Proctor  M, Farquhar C. Diagnosis and management of dysmenorrhoea. BMJ 332 (13) 2006; 1134-1138.
  9. Ibn Sina. Al Qanoon Fil Tib. Vol. II (Urdu trans. by Kantoori GH). New Delhi: Idarae Kitabul Shifa; 2007: 346-347.
  10. Jurjani I. Zakheerae khawarzam shahi. Vol VI. (Urdu trans. By Khan AH). Lucknow: Munshi Nawal Kishore; 1903: 598-602.
  11. Kabiruddin M. Makhzanul mufradat. New Delhi: Ejaz publishing house; 2000.
  12. Ibn Baitar. Al Jame mufradat al advia al aghzia. Vol I. CCRUM; YNM.
  13. Kabeeruddin M. Bayaze Kabir. 5th ed. Hyderabad: Hikmat book depot; YNM: 188-90.

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One article from every issue is selected for the ‘Best Article Award’. Authors of selected ‘Best Article’ are rewarded with a certificate. IJCRR Editorial Board members select one ‘Best Article’ from the published issue based on originality, novelty, social usefulness of the work. The corresponding author of selected ‘Best Article Award’ is communicated and information of award is displayed on IJCRR’s website. Drop a mail to editor@ijcrr.com for more details.

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Best Article Award

A study by Dorothy Ebere Adimora et al. entitled \"Remediation for Effects of Domestic Violence on Psychological well-being, Depression and Suicide among Women During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-cultural Study of Nigeria and Spain\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 23
A study by Muhas C. et al. entitled \"Study on Knowledge & Awareness About Pharmacovigilance Among Pharmacists in South India\" is awarded Best article for Vol 14 issue 22
A study by Saurabh Suvidha entitled \"A Case of Mucoid Degeneration of Uterine Fibroid with Hydrosalphinx and Ovarian Cyst\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 21
A study by Alice Alice entitled \"Strengthening of Human Milk Banking across South Asian Countries: A Next Step Forward\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 20
A study by Sathyanarayanan AR et al. entitled \"The on-task Attention of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder-An Eye Tracker Study Using Auticare\" is awarded Best article of Vol 14 issue 19
A study by Gupta P. et al. entitled \"A Short Review on \"A Novel Approach in Fast Dissolving Film & their Evaluation Studies\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 18.
A study by Shafaque M. et al. entitled \"A Case-Control Study Performed in Karachi on Inflammatory Markers by Ciprofloxacin and CoAmoxicillin in Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media\" is awarded Best Article of Vol 14 issue 17
A study by Ali Nawaz et al. entitled \"A Comparative Study of Tubeless versus Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) \? A Randomized Controlled Study\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 16.
A study by Singh R. et al. entitled \"A Prospective Study to Find the Association of Astigmatism in Patients of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) in a Tertiary Health Care Centre in India (Vindhya Region MP)\" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 15
A Study by Humaira Tahir et al. entitled "Comparison of First Analgesic Demand after Major Surgeries of Obstetrics and Gynecology between Pre-Emptive Versus Intra-Operative Groups by Using Intravenous Paracetamol: A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 14 issue 14
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A Study by Manoj KP et al. entitled "A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial to Know the Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block Against Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Analgesia Following Caesarean Section" is awarded Best Article Award of Vol 13 issue 23
A Study by Karimova II et al. entitled "Changes in the Activity of Intestinal Carbohydrases in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats and Their Correction with Prenalon" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 22
A Study by Ashish B Roge et al. entitled "Development, Validation of RP-HPLC Method and GC MS Analysis of Desloratadine HCL and It’s Degradation Products" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 21
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A Study by Kholis Ernawati et al. entitled "The Utilization of Mobile-Based Information Technology in the Management of Dengue Fever in the Community Year 2019-2020: Systematic Review" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 18
A Study by Bhat Asifa et al. entitled "Efficacy of Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method for Carbapenemase Detection and Comparative Evaluation with Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Identification of Carbapenemase Producing Klebsiella pneumonia Isolates" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 17
A Study by Gupta R. et al. entitled "A Clinical Study of Paediatric Tracheostomy: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 16
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A Study by Rosa PS et al. entitled "Emotional State Due to the Covid – 19 Pandemic in People Residing in a Vulnerable Area in North Lima" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 14
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A Study by Purushottam S. G. et al. entitled "Development of Fenofibrate Solid Dispersions for the Plausible Aqueous Solubility Augmentation of this BCS Class-II Drug" is awarded Best article for Vol 13 issue 10
A Study by Kumar S. et al. entitled "A Study on Clinical Spectrum, Laboratory Profile, Complications and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit from a Tertiary Care Hospital from Eastern India" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 09
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A Study by Sarmila G. B. et al. entitled "Study to Compare the Efficacy of Orally Administered Melatonin and Clonidine for Attenuation of Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation in Gastrointestinal Surgeries" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 07
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A Study by Gainneos PD et al. entitled "A Comparative Evaluation of the Levels of Salivary IgA in HIV Affected Children and the Children of the General Population within the Age Group of 9 – 12 Years – A Cross-Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 05 Special issue on Recent Advances in Dentistry for better Oral Health
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A Study by Anu et al. entitled "Effectiveness of Cytological Scoring Systems for Evaluation of Breast Lesion Cytology with its Histopathological Correlation" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 04
A Study by Sharipov R. Kh. et al. entitled "Interaction of Correction of Lipid Peroxidation Disorders with Oxibral" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 03
A Study by Tarek Elwakil et al. entitled "Led Light Photobiomodulation Effect on Wound Healing Combined with Phenytoin in Mice Model" is awarded Best Article of Vol 13 issue 02
A Study by Mohita Ray et al. entitled "Accuracy of Intra-Operative Frozen Section Consultation of Gastrointestinal Biopsy Samples in Correlation with the Final Histopathological Diagnosis" is awarded Best Article for Vol 13 issue 01
A Study by Badritdinova MN et al. entitled "Peculiarities of a Pain in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in the Presence of Individual Combines of the Metabolic Syndrome" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 24
A Study by Sindhu Priya E S et al. entitled "Neuroprotective activity of Pyrazolone Derivatives Against Paraquat-induced Oxidative Stress and Locomotor Impairment in Drosophila melanogaster" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 23
A Study by Habiba Suhail et al. entitled "Effect of Majoon Murmakki in Dysmenorrhoea (Usre Tams): A Standard Controlled Clinical Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 22
A Study by Ghaffar UB et al. entitled "Correlation between Height and Foot Length in Saudi Population in Majmaah, Saudi Arabia" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 21
A Study by Siti Sarah Binti Maidin entitled "Sleep Well: Mobile Application to Address Sleeping Problems" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 20
A Study by Avijit Singh"Comparison of Post Operative Clinical Outcomes Between “Made in India” TTK Chitra Mechanical Heart Valve Versus St Jude Mechanical Heart Valve in Valve Replacement Surgery" is awarded Best Article for Vol 12 issue 19
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A Study by Sudha Ramachandra & Vinay Chavan entitled "Enhanced-Hybrid-Age Layered Population Structure (E-Hybrid-ALPS): A Genetic Algorithm with Adaptive Crossover for Molecular Docking Studies of Drug Discovery Process" is awarded Best article for Vol 12 issue 15
A Study by Varsha M. Shindhe et al. entitled "A Study on Effect of Smokeless Tobacco on Pulmonary Function Tests in Class IV Workers of USM-KLE (Universiti Sains Malaysia-Karnataka Lingayat Education Society) International Medical Programme, Belagavi" is awarded Best article of Vol 12 issue 14, July 2020
A study by Amruta Choudhary et al. entitled "Family Planning Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Among Women of Reproductive Age from Rural Area of Central India" is awarded Best Article for special issue "Modern Therapeutics Applications"
A study by Raunak Das entitled "Study of Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in Interstitial Lung Diseas epatients by Correlating the Levels of Serum NT PRO BNP and Microalbuminuria (Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Dysfunction) with Echocardiographic, Bronchoscopic and HighResolution Computed Tomography Findings of These ILD Patients" is awarded Best Article of Vol 12 issue 13 
A Study by Kannamani Ramasamy et al. entitled "COVID-19 Situation at Chennai City – Forecasting for the Better Pandemic Management" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 12
A Study by Muhammet Lutfi SELCUK and Fatma entitled "Distinction of Gray and White Matter for Some Histological Staining Methods in New Zealand Rabbit's Brain" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 11
A Study by Anamul Haq et al. entitled "Etiology of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Adolescents – Emphasis Upon Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 10
A Study by entitled "Estimation of Reference Interval of Serum Progesterone During Three Trimesters of Normal Pregnancy in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 09
A Study by Ilona Gracie De Souza & Pavan Kumar G. entitled "Effect of Releasing Myofascial Chain in Patients with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - A Randomized Clinical Trial" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 08
A Study by Virendra Atam et. al. entitled "Clinical Profile and Short - Term Mortality Predictors in Acute Stroke with Emphasis on Stress Hyperglycemia and THRIVE Score : An Observational Study" is awarded best article for  Vol 12 issue 07
A Study by K. Krupashree et. al. entitled "Protective Effects of Picrorhizakurroa Against Fumonisin B1 Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice" is awarded best article for issue Vol 10 issue 20
A study by Mithun K.P. et al "Larvicidal Activity of Crude Solanum Nigrum Leaf and Berries Extract Against Dengue Vector-Aedesaegypti" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 14 of IJCRR
A study by Asha Menon "Women in Child Care and Early Education: Truly Nontraditional Work" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 13
A study by Deep J. M. "Prevalence of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization in 7-13 Years Old Children of Biratnagar, Nepal: A Cross Sectional Study" is awarded Best Article for Vol 10 issue 11 of IJCRR
A review by Chitra et al to analyse relation between Obesity and Type 2 diabetes is awarded 'Best Article' for Vol 10 issue 10 by IJCRR. 
A study by Karanpreet et al "Pregnancy Induced Hypertension: A Study on Its Multisystem Involvement" is given Best Paper Award for Vol 10 issue 09

List of Awardees

A Study by Ese Anibor et al. "Evaluation of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Among Delta State University Students in Abraka, Nigeria" from Vol 13 issue 16 received Emerging Researcher Award


A Study by Alkhansa Mahmoud et al. entitled "mRNA Expression of Somatostatin Receptors (1-5) in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells" from Vol 13 issue 06 received Emerging Researcher Award


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